11. Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share represents net income divided by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per share represents net income divided by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding, inclusive of the effect of dilutive securities, such as outstanding SARs, restricted stock units, and convertible notes.

There were an aggregate of 5.9 million and 5.1 million of equity grants, consisting of SARs and restricted stock units, that were outstanding during the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and an aggregate of 6.0 million and 4.2 million of equity grants, consisting of SARs and restricted stock units, that were outstanding during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, but were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because their effect would be anti-dilutive or the performance condition of the award had not been satisfied.

For the 2024 Convertible Notes, the Company is required to settle the principal amount in cash and has the option to settle the conversion feature for the amount above the conversion price, or the conversion spread, in common shares or cash. The Company uses the if-converted stock method for calculating any potential dilutive effect of the conversion spread on diluted earnings per share, if applicable. The conversion spread will have a dilutive impact on diluted earnings per share when the average market price of the Company’s common shares for a given period exceeds the conversion price of the 2024 Convertible Notes. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the 2024 Convertible Notes have been excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share, as the effect would be anti-dilutive since the conversion price of the 2024 Convertible Notes exceeded the average market price of the Company’s common shares for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. The initial conversion rate and conversion price for the 2024 Convertible Notes are described further in Note 4, Long-Term Debt.

For the 2028 Convertible Notes, the Company is required to settle the principal amount in cash and has the option to settle the conversion feature for the amount above the conversion price, or the conversion spread, in cash or common shares and cash. The Company uses the if-converted method for calculating any potential dilutive effect of the conversion spread on diluted earnings per share, if applicable. The conversion spread will have a dilutive impact on diluted earnings per share when the average market price of the Company’s common shares for a given period exceeds the conversion price of the 2028 Convertible Notes. For the three months ended September 30, 2023, the 2028 Convertible Notes have been excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share, as the effect would be anti-dilutive since the conversion price of the 2028 Convertible Notes exceeded the average market price of the Company’s common shares for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The dilutive impact for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 is 0.2 million common shares. The initial conversion rate and conversion price for the 2028 Convertible Notes are described further in Note 4, Long-Term Debt.