14. Transformation Program

In the fourth quarter of 2021, the Company initiated a global transformation program to optimize global processes for future growth, or the Transformation Program. The Transformation Program involves the investment in certain new technologies and the realignment of infrastructure and the locations of certain functions to better support distributors and customers. For the first phase of the Transformation Program, the Company currently expects total pre-tax expenses in the range of $25 million to $30 million through 2023, of which $12.9 million was recognized in selling, general, and administrative expenses within its consolidated statement of income during the year ended December 31, 2021. The Company expects to complete the first phase of the Transformation Program in 2023. The Company is still assessing the scope, timing, and execution plan of the second phase of the Transformation Program, and accordingly cannot estimate the amounts to be incurred for the program in totality.