UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND
EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C.
20549
Form 10-Q
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(Mark One)
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þ
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QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
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For the quarterly period ended
March 31, 2007
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OR
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o
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TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
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Commission file number: 1-32381
HERBALIFE LTD.
(Exact name of registrant as
specified in its charter)
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Cayman Islands
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98-0377871
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(State or other jurisdiction
of
incorporation or organization)
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(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
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P.O. Box 309GT
Ugland House, South Church Street
Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands 90067
(Address of principal executive
offices) (Zip code)
(Registrants telephone number, including area code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed
all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding
12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant
was required to file such reports), and (2) has been
subject to such filing requirements for the past
90 days. Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large
accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated
filer. See definition of accelerated filer and large
accelerated filer in
Rule 12b-2
of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated
filer þ Accelerated
filer o Non-accelerated
filer o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company
(as defined in
Rule 12b-2
of the Exchange
Act). Yes o No þ
Number of shares of registrants common shares outstanding
as of April 25, 2007 was 71,843,113.
HERBALIFE
LTD.
Index to
Financial Statements and Exhibits
Filed with the Quarterly Report of the Company on
Form 10-Q
For the Three Months ended March 31, 2007
2
PART I.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
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Item 1.
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FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS
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HERBALIFE
LTD.
CONSOLIDATED
BALANCE SHEETS
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December 31,
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March 31,
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2006
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2007
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(Unaudited)
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(In thousands, except share amounts)
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ASSETS
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CURRENT ASSETS:
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Cash and cash equivalents
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$
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154,323
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$
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162,207
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Receivables, net of allowance for
doubtful accounts of $6,917 (2006) and $6,783 (2007)
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51,758
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49,268
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Inventories, net
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146,036
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130,114
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Prepaid expenses and other current
assets
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41,320
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48,914
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Deferred income taxes
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60,190
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56,248
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Prepaid income taxes
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2,080
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Total current assets
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455,707
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446,751
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Property, at cost, net of
accumulated depreciation and amortization of $32,671
(2006) and $40,245 (2007)
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105,266
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106,182
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Deferred compensation plan assets
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17,607
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18,002
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Other assets
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11,261
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11,352
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Deferred financing costs, net of
accumulated amortization of $268 (2006) and $547 (2007)
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2,063
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1,784
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Marketing related intangibles
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310,000
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310,000
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Product certification, product
formulas and other intangible assets, net of accumulated
amortization of $20,892 (2006) and $21,667 (2007)
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1,808
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1,033
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Goodwill
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113,221
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112,964
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TOTAL
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$
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1,016,933
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$
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1,008,068
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LIABILITIES AND
SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY
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CURRENT LIABILITIES:
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Accounts payable
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$
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39,990
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$
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26,557
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Royalty overrides
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116,896
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103,899
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Accrued compensation
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45,808
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33,968
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Accrued expenses
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103,767
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100,435
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Current portion of long term debt
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5,599
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4,290
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Advance sales deposits
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11,432
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7,076
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Income taxes payable
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20,330
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Total current liabilities
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323,492
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296,555
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NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES:
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Long term debt, net of current
portion
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179,839
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149,892
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Deferred compensation
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18,166
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18,329
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Deferred income taxes
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126,152
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126,169
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Other non-current liabilities
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15,394
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16,754
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Total liabilities
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663,043
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607,699
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COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
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SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY:
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Common shares, $0.002 par
value, 175.0 million shares authorized, 71.6 million
(2006) and 71.8 million (2007) shares issued and
outstanding
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143
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144
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Paid-in-capital
in excess of par value
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132,755
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138,533
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Accumulated other comprehensive loss
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(782
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(1,262
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Retained earnings
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221,774
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262,954
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Total shareholders equity
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353,890
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400,369
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TOTAL
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$
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1,016,933
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$
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1,008,068
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See the accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements
3
HERBALIFE
LTD.
CONSOLIDATED
STATEMENTS OF INCOME
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Three Months Ended
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March 31,
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March 31,
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2006
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2007
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(Unaudited)
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(In thousands, except per share amounts)
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Product sales
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$
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393,604
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$
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437,993
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Handling & freight income
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62,184
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70,106
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Net sales
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455,788
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508,099
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Cost of sales
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91,366
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107,283
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Gross profit
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364,422
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400,816
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Royalty overrides
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165,298
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180,260
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Selling, general &
administrative expenses
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135,044
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149,428
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Operating income
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64,080
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71,128
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Interest expense, net
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6,015
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2,204
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Income before income taxes
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58,065
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68,924
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Income taxes
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19,369
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27,744
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NET INCOME
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$
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38,696
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$
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41,180
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Earnings per share:
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Basic
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$
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0.55
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$
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0.57
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Diluted
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$
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0.53
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$
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0.55
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Weighted average shares
outstanding:
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Basic
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69,947
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71,722
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Diluted
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73,451
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74,943
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See the accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements
4
HERBALIFE,
LTD.
CONSOLIDATED
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
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Three Months Ended
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March 31,
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March 31,
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2006
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2007
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(Unaudited)
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(In thousands)
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CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING
ACTIVITIES:
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Net income
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$
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38,696
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$
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41,180
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Adjustments to reconcile net income
to net cash provided by operating activities:
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Depreciation and amortization
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7,064
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8,263
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Stock-based compensation expense
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2,434
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3,482
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Excess tax benefits from
share-based payment arrangements
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(1,491
|
)
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(1,321
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)
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Amortization of discount and
deferred financing costs
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|
286
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|
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|
76
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Deferred income taxes
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|
4,544
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3,951
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Unrealized foreign exchange loss
(gain)
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(537
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)
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2,474
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Write-off of deferred financing
costs and unamortized discounts
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181
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|
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204
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Other
|
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(49
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)
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|
887
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Changes in operating assets and
liabilities:
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Receivables
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(7,637
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)
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3,025
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Inventories
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4,886
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15,174
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Prepaid expenses and other current
assets
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(11,156
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)
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(10,312
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)
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Other assets
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(2,407
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)
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(103
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)
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Accounts payable
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(7,492
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)
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(13,441
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)
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Royalty overrides
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2,389
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(12,858
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)
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Accrued expenses and accrued
compensation
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4,349
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(14,254
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)
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Advance sales deposits
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5,926
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(4,350
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)
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Income taxes payable
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3,201
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23,860
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Deferred compensation liability
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530
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163
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NET CASH PROVIDED BY OPERATING
ACTIVITIES
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$
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43,717
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$
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46,100
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CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING
ACTIVITIES:
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Purchases of property
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(12,083
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)
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(9,060
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)
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Proceeds from sale of property
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46
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|
36
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Deferred compensation plan assets
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(2,623
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)
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(395
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)
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NET CASH USED IN INVESTING
ACTIVITIES
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$
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(14,660
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)
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$
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(9,419
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)
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CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING
ACTIVITIES:
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Principal payments on long-term debt
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(12,286
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)
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(31,301
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)
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Exercise of stock options
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|
806
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|
976
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Excess tax benefits from
share-based payment arrangements
|
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1,491
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1,321
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NET CASH USED IN FINANCING
ACTIVITIES
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$
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(9,989
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)
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$
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(29,004
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)
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EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES ON
CASH
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1,905
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207
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NET CHANGE IN CASH AND CASH
EQUIVALENTS
|
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|
20,973
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|
|
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7,884
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CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS,
BEGINNING OF PERIOD
|
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88,248
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|
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154,323
|
|
|
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CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, END OF
PERIOD
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$
|
109,221
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|
$
|
162,207
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|
|
|
|
|
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|
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CASH PAID FOR:
|
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|
|
|
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|
|
Interest
|
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$
|
1,673
|
|
|
$
|
3,270
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income taxes
|
|
$
|
13,046
|
|
|
$
|
7,737
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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NON-CASH ACTIVITIES:
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Acquisitions of property through
capital leases
|
|
$
|
100
|
|
|
$
|
47
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See the accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements
5
HERBALIFE
LTD.
Herbalife Ltd. (and together with its subsidiaries, the
Company) is a leading global network marketing
company that sells weight management, nutritional supplement and
personal care products through a network of over
1.5 million independent distributors except in China, where
the company currently sells the products through retail stores
and an employed sales force. The Company reports revenue from
seven geographic units: North America, which consists of the
U.S., Canada, Jamaica and the Dominican Republic; Mexico and
Central America, which consists of Mexico, Costa Rica and
Panama; Brazil; South America and Southeast Asia, which includes
New Zealand and Australia and excludes Brazil; EMEA, which
consists of Europe, the Middle East and Africa; and Greater
China, which consists of China, Taiwan and Hong Kong.
The unaudited interim financial information of the Company has
been prepared in accordance with Article 10 of the
Securities and Exchange Commissions
Regulation S-X.
Accordingly, it does not include all of the information required
by accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. for
complete financial statements. The Companys unaudited
consolidated financial statements as of and for the three months
ended March 31, 2007 include Herbalife and all of its
direct and indirect subsidiaries. In the opinion of management,
the accompanying financial information contains all adjustments,
consisting of normal recurring adjustments, necessary to present
fairly the Companys unaudited consolidated financial
statements as of March 31, 2007 and for the three months
ended March 31, 2006 and March 31, 2007. Operating
results for the three months ended March 31, 2007 are not
necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for
the year ending December 31, 2007.
New
Accounting Pronouncements
In February 2007, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or
FASB, issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards, or
SFAS No. 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial
Assets and Financial Liabilities, or SFAS No. 159,
which permits entities to choose to measure many financial
instruments, and certain other items, at fair value.
SFAS No. 159 also establishes presentation and
disclosure requirements designed to facilitate comparisons
between entities that choose different measurement attributes
for similar types of assets and liabilities.
SFAS No. 159 applies to reporting periods beginning
after November 15, 2007. The Company is currently
evaluating the impact, if any, of adopting
SFAS No. 159.
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, Fair
Value Measurement, or SFAS No. 157, which defines fair
value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in
accordance with GAAP and expands disclosures about fair value
measurements. The provisions of SFAS No. 157 are
effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15,
2007. The Company is currently evaluating the impact, if any, of
adopting SFAS No. 157.
Reclassifications
Certain reclassifications were made to the prior period
financial statements to conform to current period presentation.
|
|
3.
|
Transactions
with related parties
|
Whitney & Co., LLC, or Whitney, holds a 50 percent
indirect ownership interest in TBA Entertainment, or TBA, a
provider of creative services to the Company. For the three
months ended March 31, 2006, no payments were made to TBA.
For the three months ended March 31, 2007, payments to TBA
were $0.8 million.
6
HERBALIFE
LTD.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
Long-term debt consists of the following:
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Borrowings under senior credit
facility
|
|
$
|
179.5
|
|
|
$
|
149.5
|
|
Capital leases
|
|
|
5.2
|
|
|
|
4.3
|
|
Other debt
|
|
|
0.7
|
|
|
|
0.4
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
185.4
|
|
|
|
154.2
|
|
Less: current portion
|
|
|
5.6
|
|
|
|
4.3
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
179.8
|
|
|
$
|
149.9
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
On July 21, 2006, the Company entered into a
$300.0 million senior secured credit facility with a
syndicate of financial institutions as lenders. The credit
facility is comprised of a $200.0 million term loan and a
$100.0 million revolving credit facility and replaced the
$225.0 million senior secured credit facility, originally
entered into on December 21, 2004. The term loan bears
interest at LIBOR plus a margin of 1.5%, or the base rate plus a
margin of 0.50%, and matures on July 21, 2013. The revolver
bears interest at LIBOR plus a margin of 1.25%, or the base rate
plus a margin of 0.25%, and is available until July 21,
2012. The Company incurred approximately $2.3 million of
debt issuance costs in connection with entering into the new
credit facility in July 2006 which are being amortized over the
term of the debt. The Company repaid all amounts outstanding
under the $225.0 million senior secured credit facility.
Consequently, the Company expensed $1.7 million of
unamortized deferred financing costs related to that credit
facility. Also in July 2006, the Company redeemed the
outstanding $0.1 million aggregate principal amount of its
113/4% Notes.
On August 23, 2006, the Company borrowed
$200.0 million pursuant to the term loan under the new
credit facility to fund the redemption of its
91/2%
Notes due 2011. The total redemption price of the
91/2% Notes
was $187.8 million and consisted of $165.0 million
aggregate principal amount, $16.6 million purchase premium
and $6.2 million accrued interest. The redemption premium
of $16.6 million and the write-off of unamortized deferred
financing costs and discounts of $4.6 million associated
with the
91/2% Notes
were included in interest expense in the third quarter of 2006.
In September 2006, the Company prepaid $20.0 million of its
new term loan borrowings resulting in $0.1 million
additional interest expense from the write-off of unamortized
deferred financing costs. In March 2007, the Company made
another prepayment of $29.5 million and the Company
expensed approximately $0.2 million of related unamortized
deferred financing costs.
No borrowings were outstanding under the revolver at
March 31, 2007.
The Company is from time to time engaged in routine litigation.
The Company regularly reviews all pending litigation matters in
which it is involved and establishes reserves deemed appropriate
by management for these litigation matters when a probable loss
estimate can be made.
Herbalife International and certain of its independent
distributors have been named as defendants in a purported class
action lawsuit filed February 17, 2005, in the Superior
Court of California, County of San Francisco, and served on
Herbalife International on March 14, 2005
(Minton v. Herbalife International, et al). The
case has been transferred to the Los Angeles County Superior
Court. The plaintiff is challenging the marketing practices of
certain Herbalife International independent distributors and
Herbalife International under various state laws
7
HERBALIFE
LTD.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
prohibiting endless chain schemes, insufficient
disclosure in assisted marketing plans, unfair and deceptive
business practices, and fraud and deceit. The plaintiff alleges
that the Freedom Group system operated by certain independent
distributors of Herbalife International products places too much
emphasis on recruiting and encourages excessively large
purchases of product and promotional materials by distributors.
The plaintiff also alleges that Freedom Group pressured
distributors to disseminate misleading promotional materials.
The plaintiff seeks to hold Herbalife International vicariously
liable for the actions of its independent distributors and is
seeking damages and injunctive relief. The Company believes that
it has meritorious defenses to the suit.
Herbalife International and certain of its distributors have
been named as defendants in a class action lawsuit filed
July 16, 2003, in the Circuit Court of Ohio County in the
State of West Virginia (Mey v. Herbalife International,
Inc., et al). The complaint alleges that certain
telemarketing practices of certain Herbalife International
distributors violate the Telephone Consumer Protection Act, or
TCPA, and seeks to hold Herbalife International vicariously
liable for the practices of its distributors. More specifically,
the plaintiffs complaint alleges that several of Herbalife
Internationals distributors used pre-recorded telephone
messages to contact prospective customers in violation of the
TCPAs prohibition of such practices. Herbalife
Internationals distributors are independent contractors
and if any such distributors in fact violated the TCPA they also
violated Herbalifes policies which require its
distributors to comply with all applicable federal, state and
local laws. The Company believes that it has meritorious
defenses to the suit.
As a marketer of dietary and nutritional supplements and other
products that are ingested by consumers or applied to their
bodies, the Company has been and is currently subjected to
various product liability claims. The effects of these claims to
date have not been material to the Company, and the reasonably
possible range of exposure on currently existing claims is not
material to the Company. The Company believes that it has
meritorious defenses to the allegations contained in the
lawsuits. The Company currently maintains product liability
insurance with an annual deductible of $10 million.
Certain of the Companys subsidiaries have been subject to
tax audits by governmental authorities in their respective
countries. In certain of these tax audits, governmental
authorities are proposing that significant amounts of additional
taxes and related interest and penalties are due. The Company
and its tax advisors believe that there are substantial defenses
to their allegations that additional taxes are owed, and the
Company is vigorously contesting the additional proposed taxes
and related charges.
These matters may take several years to resolve, and the Company
cannot be sure of their ultimate resolution. However, it is the
opinion of management that adverse outcomes, if any, will not
likely result in a material adverse effect on our financial
condition and operating results. This opinion is based on the
belief that any losses suffered in excess of amounts reserved
would not be material, and that the Company has meritorious
defenses. Although the Company has reserved an amount that the
Company believes represents the most likely outcome of the
resolution of these disputes, if the Company is incorrect in the
assessment the Company may have to record additional expenses.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
$
|
38.7
|
|
|
$
|
41.2
|
|
Unrealized gain (loss) on
derivative instruments
|
|
|
0.1
|
|
|
|
(0.1
|
)
|
Foreign currency translation
adjustment
|
|
|
(0.1
|
)
|
|
|
(0.3
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Comprehensive income
|
|
$
|
38.7
|
|
|
$
|
40.8
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8
HERBALIFE
LTD.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
The Company is a network marketing company that sells a wide
range of weight management products, nutritional supplements and
personal care products within one industry segment as defined
under SFAS No. 131, Disclosures about Segments of an
Enterprise and Related Information. The Companys products
are manufactured by third party providers and then sold to
independent distributors who sell Herbalife products to retail
consumers or other distributors.
The Company sells products in 64 countries throughout the world
and is organized and managed by geographic units. The Company
aggregates its operating segments into one reporting segment, as
management believes that the Companys operating segments
have similar operating characteristics and similar long term
operating performance. In making this determination, management
believes that the operating segments are similar in the nature
of the products sold, the product acquisition process, the types
of customers products are sold to, the methods used to
distribute the products, and the nature of the regulatory
environment.
Revenues reflect sales of products to distributors based on the
distributors geographic location.
In July 2006, the Company changed its geographic units from four
to seven as part of the Companys on-going Realignment for
Growth efforts. These changes were intended to create growth
opportunities for distributors, support faster decision making
across the organization by reducing the number of layers of
management, improve the sharing of ideas and tools and
accelerate growth in its high potential markets. Historical
information presented related to the Companys geographic
units has been reclassified to conform to the current geographic
presentation. The Companys reporting segments
operating information and sales by product line are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Net sales:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
United States
|
|
$
|
81.4
|
|
|
$
|
99.7
|
|
Mexico
|
|
|
83.5
|
|
|
|
94.0
|
|
Others
|
|
|
290.9
|
|
|
|
314.4
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total net sales
|
|
$
|
455.8
|
|
|
$
|
508.1
|
|
Operating margin (1):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
United States
|
|
$
|
27.8
|
|
|
$
|
32.9
|
|
Mexico
|
|
|
37.3
|
|
|
|
37.2
|
|
Others
|
|
|
134.0
|
|
|
|
150.4
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total operating margin
|
|
$
|
199.1
|
|
|
$
|
220.5
|
|
Selling, general and
administrative expenses
|
|
|
135.0
|
|
|
|
149.4
|
|
Interest expense, net
|
|
|
6.1
|
|
|
|
2.2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income before income taxes
|
|
|
58.0
|
|
|
|
68.9
|
|
Income taxes
|
|
|
19.3
|
|
|
|
27.7
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
$
|
38.7
|
|
|
$
|
41.2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9
HERBALIFE
LTD.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Total Assets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
United States
|
|
$
|
698.0
|
|
|
$
|
662.2
|
|
Mexico
|
|
|
63.7
|
|
|
|
63.5
|
|
Others
|
|
|
255.2
|
|
|
|
282.4
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets
|
|
$
|
1,016.9
|
|
|
$
|
1,008.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Net sales by product
line:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weight management
|
|
$
|
190.2
|
|
|
$
|
220.1
|
|
Targeted nutrition
|
|
|
200.6
|
|
|
|
224.0
|
|
Outer
Nutrition®
|
|
|
40.9
|
|
|
|
36.4
|
|
Literature, promotional and other
(2)
|
|
|
24.1
|
|
|
|
27.6
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total net sales
|
|
$
|
455.8
|
|
|
$
|
508.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net sales by geographic
unit:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
North America (3)
|
|
$
|
87.1
|
|
|
$
|
104.5
|
|
Mexico and Central America (8)
|
|
|
84.0
|
|
|
|
95.9
|
|
Brazil
|
|
|
35.5
|
|
|
|
33.3
|
|
South America and Southeast Asia
(4)
|
|
|
43.5
|
|
|
|
55.8
|
|
EMEA (5)
|
|
|
141.5
|
|
|
|
143.2
|
|
Greater China (6)
|
|
|
28.6
|
|
|
|
40.7
|
|
North Asia (7)
|
|
|
35.6
|
|
|
|
34.7
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total net sales
|
|
$
|
455.8
|
|
|
$
|
508.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Operating margin consists of net sales less cost of sales and
Royalty Overrides. |
|
(2) |
|
Product buybacks and returns in all product categories are
included in the literature, promotional and other category. |
|
(3) |
|
Consists of the U.S., Canada, Jamaica and Dominican Republic. |
|
(4) |
|
Includes New Zealand and Australia and excludes Brazil. |
|
(5) |
|
Consists of Europe, Middle East and Africa. |
|
(6) |
|
Consists of China, Hong Kong and Taiwan. |
|
(7) |
|
Consists of Japan and Korea. |
|
(8) |
|
Consists of Mexico, Costa Rica and Panama. |
|
|
8.
|
Stock
Based Compensation
|
The Company has five stock-based compensation plans, the WH
Holdings (Cayman Islands) Ltd. Stock Incentive Plan, or the
Management Plan, the WH Holdings (Cayman Islands) Ltd.
Independent Directors Stock Incentive Plan, or the Independent
Directors Plan, the Herbalife Ltd. 2004 Stock Incentive Plan, or
the 2004 Stock Incentive Plan, the Herbalife Ltd. 2005 Stock
Incentive Plan, or the 2005 Stock Incentive Plan, and the
Herbalife
10
HERBALIFE
LTD.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
Ltd. Independent Directors Deferred Compensation and Stock Unit
Plan, or the Independent Director Stock Unit Plan. The
Management Plan provides for the grant of options to purchase
common shares of Herbalife to members of the Companys
management. The Independent Directors Plan provides for the
grant of options to purchase common shares of Herbalife to the
Companys independent directors. The 2004 Stock Incentive
Plan replaced the Management Plan and the Independent Directors
Plan and after the adoption thereof, no additional awards were
made under either the Management Plan or the Independent
Directors Plan. However, the shares remaining available for
issuance under these plans were absorbed by and became available
for issuance under the 2004 Stock Incentive Plan. The terms of
the 2005 Stock Incentive Plan are substantially similar to the
terms of the 2004 Stock Incentive Plan. The 2005 Stock Incentive
Plan authorizes the issuance of 4,000,000 common shares pursuant
to awards, plus any shares that remained available for issuance
under the 2004 Stock Incentive Plan at the time of the adoption
of the 2005 Stock Incentive Plan. The purpose of the Independent
Directors Stock Unit Plan is to facilitate equity ownership in
the Company by its independent directors through the award of
stock units and to allow for deferral by the independent
directors of compensation realized in connection with such stock
units. The Companys stock compensation awards outstanding
as of March 31, 2007 include stock options, stock
appreciation rights, or SARS, and stock units.
Prior to January 1, 2006, the Company applied the intrinsic
value method as outlined in Accounting Principles Board, or APB,
Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees,
or APB 25, and related interpretations, in accounting for
share-based awards made under the Companys plans. Under
the intrinsic value method, compensation expense is recorded on
the date of grant to the extent that the current market price of
the underlying stock exceeds the exercise price. On
January 1, 2006, the Company adopted
SFAS No. 123R. This statement replaces
SFAS No. 123, Accounting for Stock Based Compensation,
and supersedes APB 25. SFAS No. 123R requires
that all share-based compensation be recognized as an expense in
the financial statements and that such cost be measured based on
the fair value of the awards granted. The Company adopted
SFAS No. 123R using the modified prospective
transition method which requires the recognition of compensation
expense on a prospective basis only. Accordingly, prior period
financial statements have not been restated. Under this
transition method, stock-based compensation cost for the year
2006 includes (a) compensation cost for all share-based
awards granted prior to, but not yet vested as of,
January 1, 2006, based on the grant date fair value
estimated in accordance with the original provisions of
SFAS No. 123; and (b) compensation cost for all
share-based awards granted subsequent to January 1, 2006
based on the grant-date fair value estimated in accordance with
the provisions of SFAS No. 123R.
SFAS No. 123R also requires the Company to estimate
forfeitures in calculating the expense relating to share-based
compensation as opposed to recognizing forfeitures as an expense
reduction as they occur. The adjustment to apply estimated
forfeitures to previously recognized share-based compensation
was considered immaterial and as such was not classified as a
cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle.
The Company records compensation expense over the requisite
service period which is equal to the vesting period. For awards
granted prior to January 1, 2006, compensation expense is
recognized on a graded-vesting basis over the vesting term. For
awards granted on or after January 1, 2006, compensation
expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting
term. For the three months ended March 31, 2006 and 2007,
stock-based compensation expense was included in Selling,
General & Administrative Expenses in the amount of
$2.4 million and $3.5 million, respectively, as well
as related income tax benefits recognized in earnings in the
amount of $1.0 million and $1.2 million, respectively.
As of March 31, 2007, the total unrecognized compensation
cost related to nonvested stock awards was $28.6 million
and the related weighted-average period over which it is
expected to be recognized is approximately 2.2 years.
Prior to the Companys adoption of SFAS No. 123R,
benefits of tax deductions in excess of recognized compensation
costs were reported as operating cash inflows.
SFAS No. 123R requires that these excess tax benefits
be recorded as a financing cash inflow rather than as a
reduction of taxes paid. For the three months ended
March 31, 2006 and 2007, tax benefits of $1.5 million
and $1.3 million were generated from option exercises,
respectively.
11
HERBALIFE
LTD.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
The Companys stock-based compensation plans provide for
grants of stock options, SARS, and stock units (collectively
called the awards). Stock options typically vest
quarterly over a five-year period beginning on the grant date,
and certain stock option grants vest over a period of less than
five years. SARS vest quarterly over a five-year period
beginning on the grant date. The contractual term of stock
options and SARS is ten years. Stock unit awards under the 2005
Incentive Plan, or Incentive Plan Stock Units, vest annually
over a three year period which is equal to the contractual term.
Stock unit awards under the Independent Directors Stock Unit
Plan, or Independent Director Stock Units, vest at a 25% rate on
each of April 15, July 15 and October 15 of the calendar
year in which the award is granted and January 15 of the
calendar year following the year in which the award is granted.
Unless otherwise determined at the time of grant, the value of
each stock unit shall be equal to one common share of Herbalife.
The fair value of each award is estimated on the date of grant
using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model based on the
assumptions in the following tables. The expected term of the
award is based on observed historical exercise patterns. Because
of the very limited historical data, all groups of employees
have been determined to have similar historical exercise
patterns for valuation purposes. The expected volatility of
stock awards is primarily based upon on the historical
volatility of the Companys common stock and, due to the
limited period of public trading data for its common stock, it
is also validated against the volatility rates of a peer group
of companies. The risk free interest rate is based on the
implied yield on a U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issue with a
remaining term equal to the expected term of the award. The
dividend yield reflects that the Company has not paid any cash
dividends since inception. The following table summarizes the
weighted average assumptions used in the calculation of fair
market value for the three months ended March 31, 2006 and
2007.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Incentive Plan
|
|
|
Independent Directors
|
|
|
|
Stock Options
|
|
|
SARS
|
|
|
Stock Units
|
|
|
Stock Units
|
|
|
|
Three Months
|
|
|
Three Months
|
|
|
Three Months
|
|
|
Three Months
|
|
|
|
Ended
|
|
|
Ended
|
|
|
Ended
|
|
|
Ended
|
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
Expected volatility
|
|
|
37.03
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
38.62
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
38.62
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
37.20
|
%
|
|
|
41.82
|
%
|
Dividends yield
|
|
|
zero
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
zero
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
zero
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
zero
|
|
|
|
zero
|
|
Expected term
|
|
|
6.3 years
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6.3 years
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.5 years
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.0 years
|
|
|
|
3.0 years
|
|
Risk-free interest rate
|
|
|
3.94
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.45
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.84
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.41
|
%
|
|
|
5.00
|
%
|
The following tables summarize the activity under the
stock-based compensation plans for the three months ended
March 31, 2007:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted
|
|
|
Average
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average
|
|
|
Remaining
|
|
|
Aggregate
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercise
|
|
|
Contractual
|
|
|
Intrinsic
|
|
Stock Options & SARS
|
|
Shares
|
|
|
Price
|
|
|
Term
|
|
|
Value
|
|
|
|
(In thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Outstanding at December 31,
2006
|
|
|
9,452
|
|
|
$
|
16.45
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercised
|
|
|
(131
|
)
|
|
|
8.00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Forfeited
|
|
|
(46
|
)
|
|
|
15.97
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding at March 31, 2007
|
|
|
9,275
|
|
|
$
|
16.57
|
|
|
|
7.2 years
|
|
|
$
|
209.9
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercisable at March 31, 2007
|
|
|
4,305
|
|
|
$
|
13.32
|
|
|
|
6.6 years
|
|
|
$
|
111.4
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
12
HERBALIFE
LTD.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted Average
|
|
|
Aggregate
|
|
Incentive Plan and Independent Directors Stock Units
|
|
Shares
|
|
|
Grant Date Fair Value
|
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
|
|
(In thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Outstanding and nonvested at
December 31, 2006
|
|
|
186.1
|
|
|
$
|
35.28
|
|
|
$
|
6.1
|
|
Granted
|
|
|
18.7
|
|
|
|
32.01
|
|
|
|
0.6
|
|
Vested
|
|
|
(43.3
|
)
|
|
|
34.16
|
|
|
|
(1.0
|
)
|
Cancelled
|
|
|
(0.8
|
)
|
|
|
34.21
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding and nonvested at
March 31, 2007
|
|
|
160.7
|
|
|
$
|
35.20
|
|
|
$
|
5.7
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The weighted-average grant date per share fair value of stock
awards granted during the three months ended March 31, 2006
and 2007 was $17.06 and $32.01, respectively. The total
intrinsic value of stock awards exercised during the three
months ended March 31, 2006 and 2007 was $4.3 million
and $3.9 million, respectively.
On January 1, 2007 the Company adopted the provisions of
FIN 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes, an
interpretation of FAS 109, Accounting for Income Taxes. At
the date of adoption, the total amount of unrecognized tax
benefits, including related interest and penalties, was
$42.1 million. If the total amount of unrecognized tax
benefits was recognized, $26.0 million of unrecognized tax
benefits, $6.9 million of interest and $2.7 million of
penalties, would impact the effective tax rate and
$6.5 million would result in an increase to goodwill. The
Company accounts for interest and penalties generated by tax
contingencies as a component of income tax expense. Also, the
adoption of FIN 48 does not have a material impact to the
retained earnings.
The Company believes that it is reasonably possible that the
amount of unrecognized tax benefits could increase or decrease
within the next twelve months and that change could be
significant because of uncertainties from international transfer
pricing issues, the deductibility of certain operating expenses
in various foreign jurisdictions, settlements in foreign tax
audits and the expiration of the statute of limitation in
several foreign jurisdictions. Because of the nature of these
uncertainties, the Company is not able to estimate the range of
reasonably possible changes to the amount of unrecognized tax
benefits within the next twelve months.
At the adoption date, the Companys tax filings are
generally subject to examination in major tax jurisdictions for
years ending on or after December 31, 2002.
|
|
10.
|
Derivative
Instruments and Hedging Activities
|
The Company engages in an interest rate hedging strategy for
which the hedged transactions are forecasted interest payments
on the Companys variable rate term loan. The hedged risk
is the variability of forecasted interest rate cash flows, where
the hedging strategy involves the purchase of interest rate
swaps. For the outstanding cash flow hedges on interest rate
exposures at December 31, 2006 and March 31, 2007, the
maximum length of time over which the Company is hedging these
exposures is approximately three years.
On July 21, 2006 the interest rate swap agreement,
originally entered into on February 21, 2005, was
terminated due to the Companys debt refinancing and
interest income of approximately $0.8 million was recorded
in the Companys consolidated statements of income during
the quarter ended September 30, 2006. Under the new credit
facility, the Company is obligated to enter into an interest
rate hedge for up to 25% of the aggregate principal amount of
the term loan for a minimum of three years. On August 23,
2006, the Company entered into a new interest rate swap
agreement. The agreement provides for the Company to pay
interest for a three-year period at a fixed rate of 6.76% on
various notional amounts while receiving interest for the same
period at the LIBOR rate on the same notional principal amounts.
The swap was designated as a cash flow hedge against LIBOR
interest rate movements on the new term loan. The Company
formally assesses, both at inception and at least quarterly
thereafter, whether the derivatives used in hedging transactions
are effective in offsetting changes in cash flows of the hedged
item. As
13
HERBALIFE
LTD.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
of December 31, 2006 and March 31, 2007, the hedge
relationship qualified as an effective hedge under
SFAS No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments
and Hedging Activities. Consequently, all changes in the fair
value of the derivatives are deferred and recorded in other
comprehensive income, or OCI, until the related forecasted
transaction is recognized in the consolidated statements of
income.
The Company also designates certain derivatives as free standing
derivatives for which hedge accounting does not apply. The
changes in the fair market value of these derivatives are
included in Selling, General and Administrative Expense in the
Companys consolidated statements of income. The Company
purchases average rate put options, as well as forward extra
contracts (a combination of a foreign forward exchange contract
and an option), to partially mitigate the impact if the foreign
currency weakens beyond the strike rate. The Company also uses
foreign currency forward and ratio forward contracts to hedge
foreign-currency-denominated intercompany transactions. The fair
values of the option and forward contracts are based on
third-party bank quotes.
|
|
11.
|
Restructuring
Reserve
|
In July 2006, the Company initiated a realignment of its
employee base as part of its Realignment for Growth plan. The
Company recorded $3.0 million of professional fees,
severance and related costs in the preparation stage of the
realignment in the third quarter of 2006 and $7.5 million
of severance and related costs, which was included in Selling,
General and Administrative Expenses, related to this realignment
in the fourth quarter of 2006.
In the first quarter of 2007, the Company recorded severance and
related costs of $1.5 million, which was included in
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses, related to the
realignment. The Company expects to complete the realignment
during 2007 and recognize an additional $0.3 million of
related costs by the end of 2007.
The following table summarizes the components of this reserve
during fiscal 2007:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Retention
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Severance
|
|
|
Benefits
|
|
|
Others
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
Balance as of December 31,
2006
|
|
$
|
4.6
|
|
|
$
|
0.2
|
|
|
$
|
0.4
|
|
|
$
|
5.2
|
|
Charges
|
|
|
1.1
|
|
|
|
0.2
|
|
|
|
0.2
|
|
|
|
1.5
|
|
Cash payments
|
|
|
(3.1
|
)
|
|
|
(0.1
|
)
|
|
|
(0.3
|
)
|
|
|
(3.5
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance as of March 31, 2007
|
|
$
|
2.6
|
|
|
$
|
0.3
|
|
|
$
|
0.3
|
|
|
$
|
3.2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
On February 2, 2007, the Companys Board of Directors
received a proposal from Whitney V L.P. and its affiliates to
acquire all of the Companys outstanding common shares for
$38.00 per share in cash. The Companys Board of
Directors established a special committee consisting solely of
independent directors to review the proposal. On March 30,
2007, the special committee of the Board of Directors rejected
the offer from Whitney V L.P. and thereafter, the Board of
Directors disbanded the special committee.
On April 18, 2007, the Company announced that its Board of
Directors has authorized a program for the company to repurchase
up to $300 million of Herbalife common stock during the
next two years, at such times and prices as determined by
company management, as market conditions warrant. Additionally,
the companys Board of Directors adopted a regular
quarterly cash dividend program. As part of this program, the
company announced a $0.20 per share cash dividend for the
first quarter 2007, payable on May 15, 2007 to shareholders
of record on April 30, 2007.
14
|
|
Item 2.
|
Managements
Discussion And Analysis Of Financial Condition And Results Of
Operations
|
Overview
We are a global network marketing company that sells weight
management, nutritional supplement and personal care products.
We pursue our mission of changing peoples
lives by providing a financially rewarding business
opportunity to distributors and quality products to distributors
and their customers who seek a healthy lifestyle. We are one of
the largest network marketing companies in the world with net
sales of approximately $1.9 billion for the year ended
December 31, 2006. We sell our products in 64 countries
through a network of over 1.5 million independent
distributors except in China, where we sell our products through
retail stores and an employed sales force. We believe the
quality of our products and the effectiveness of our
distribution network, coupled with geographic expansion, have
been the primary reasons for our success throughout our
27-year
operating history.
We offer products in three principal categories: weight
management products, nutritional supplements which we refer to
as Targeted Nutrition and personal care products
which we refer to as Outer
Nutrition®.
Our products are often sold in programs, which are comprised of
a series of related products designed to simplify weight
management and nutrition for consumers and maximize our
distributors cross-selling opportunities.
Industry-wide factors that affect us and our competitors include
the increasing prevalence of obesity and the aging of the
worldwide population, which are driving demand for nutrition and
wellness-related products and the recruitment and retention of
distributors.
The opportunities and challenges upon which we are most focused
are: retailing of our products, recruitment and retention of
distributors and improving distributor productivity, new
markets, further penetrating existing markets including China,
globalizing successful distributor methods of operation (such as
Nutrition Clubs), introducing new products, developing niche
market segments and further investing in our infrastructure.
In July 2006, we changed our geographic units from four to seven
units as part of our on-going realignment for growth efforts.
These changes are intended to create growth opportunities for
our distributors, support faster decision making across the
organization by reducing layers of management, improve the
sharing of ideas and tools and accelerate growth in our high
potential markets. Under the new geographic units we report
revenue from:
|
|
|
|
|
North America, which consists of the U.S., Canada, Jamaica and
the Dominican Republic;
|
|
|
|
Mexico and Central America, which consists of Mexico, Costa Rica
and Panama;
|
|
|
|
Brazil;
|
|
|
|
South America and Southeast Asia, which includes New Zealand and
Australia and excludes Brazil;
|
|
|
|
EMEA, which consists of Europe, the Middle East and Africa;
|
|
|
|
Greater China, which consists of China, Taiwan and Hong Kong; and
|
|
|
|
North Asia, which consists of Japan and Korea.
|
Historical information presented related to our geographic units
has been reclassified to conform to our current geographic
presentation.
A key non-financial measure we focus on is Volume Points on a
Royalty Basis, or Volume Points, which is essentially our
weighted unit measure of product sales volume. It is a useful
measure for us, as it excludes the impact of foreign currency
fluctuations and ignores the differences generated by varying
retail pricing across geographic markets. In general, an
increase in Volume Points in a particular group or country
directionally indicates an increase in local currency net sales.
15
Volume
Points by Geographic Unit
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Three Months Ended March 31,
|
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
% Change
|
|
|
|
(Volume points in millions)
|
|
|
North America
|
|
|
130.7
|
|
|
|
162.3
|
|
|
|
24.2
|
%
|
Mexico & Central America
|
|
|
136.4
|
|
|
|
154.7
|
|
|
|
13.4
|
%
|
Brazil
|
|
|
44.7
|
|
|
|
40.3
|
|
|
|
(9.8
|
)%
|
South America & Southeast
Asia
|
|
|
56.7
|
|
|
|
75.5
|
|
|
|
33.2
|
%
|
EMEA
|
|
|
148.9
|
|
|
|
140.4
|
|
|
|
(5.7
|
)%
|
Greater China
|
|
|
31.9
|
|
|
|
44.7
|
|
|
|
40.1
|
%
|
North Asia
|
|
|
30.7
|
|
|
|
32.8
|
|
|
|
6.8
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Worldwide
|
|
|
580.0
|
|
|
|
650.7
|
|
|
|
12.2
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number of
New Supervisors by Geographic Unit as of Reporting
Period
Another key non-financial measure on which we focus is the
number of distributors qualified as new supervisors under our
compensation system. Distributors qualify for supervisor status
based on their Volume Points. The growth in the number of new
supervisors is a general indicator of the level of distributor
recruitment, which generally drives net sales in a particular
country or group.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of March 31,
|
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
% Change
|
|
|
North America
|
|
|
7,616
|
|
|
|
9,013
|
|
|
|
18.3
|
%
|
Mexico & Central America
|
|
|
8,299
|
|
|
|
7,176
|
|
|
|
(13.5
|
)%
|
Brazil
|
|
|
5,087
|
|
|
|
4,108
|
|
|
|
(19.2
|
)%
|
South America & Southeast
Asia
|
|
|
6,366
|
|
|
|
8,858
|
|
|
|
39.1
|
%
|
EMEA
|
|
|
9,132
|
|
|
|
7,642
|
|
|
|
(16.3
|
)%
|
Greater China
|
|
|
2,833
|
|
|
|
5,314
|
|
|
|
87.6
|
%
|
North Asia
|
|
|
2,284
|
|
|
|
2,115
|
|
|
|
(7.4
|
)%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Worldwide
|
|
|
41,617
|
|
|
|
44,226
|
|
|
|
6.3
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
16
Number of
Supervisors and Retention Rates by Geographic Unit as of
Requalification Period
Our compensation system requires each supervisor to re-qualify
for such status each year, prior to February. In February of
each year, we delete from the rank of supervisor those
distributors who did not satisfy the supervisor qualification
requirements during the preceding twelve months. Distributors
who meet the supervisor requirements at any time during the year
are promoted to supervisor status at that time, including any
supervisors who were deleted, but who subsequently requalified.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number of Supervisors
|
|
|
Supervisors Retention Rate
|
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
North America
|
|
|
45,778
|
|
|
|
54,375
|
|
|
|
41.2
|
%
|
|
|
43.1
|
%
|
Mexico & Central America
|
|
|
38,344
|
|
|
|
62,622
|
|
|
|
57.4
|
%
|
|
|
55.2
|
%
|
Brazil
|
|
|
27,318
|
|
|
|
28,974
|
|
|
|
29.0
|
%
|
|
|
28.8
|
%
|
South America & Southeast
Asia
|
|
|
30,846
|
|
|
|
46,393
|
|
|
|
31.6
|
%
|
|
|
33.9
|
%
|
EMEA
|
|
|
66,103
|
|
|
|
64,862
|
|
|
|
45.0
|
%
|
|
|
46.2
|
%
|
Greater China
|
|
|
19,447
|
|
|
|
25,868
|
|
|
|
34.7
|
%
|
|
|
34.7
|
%
|
North Asia
|
|
|
15,736
|
|
|
|
15,697
|
|
|
|
48.6
|
%
|
|
|
43.0
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Worldwide
|
|
|
243,572
|
|
|
|
298,791
|
|
|
|
41.5
|
%
|
|
|
42.5
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supervisors must re-qualify annually. The requalification period
covers the twelve months starting in February and ending the
following January. The number of supervisors by geographic unit
as of the reporting dates will normally be higher than the
number of supervisors by geographic unit as of the
requalification period because supervisors who do not re-qualify
during the relevant twelve-month period will be dropped from the
rank of supervisor the following February. For the latest twelve
month re-qualification period ending January 2007, approximately
42.5 percent of our supervisors re-qualified. Since
supervisors purchase most of our products for resale to other
distributors and consumers, comparisons of supervisor totals on
a
year-to-year,
same period basis are good indicators of our recruitment and
retention efforts in different geographic units.
The value of the average monthly purchase of Herbalife products
by our supervisors has remained relatively constant over time.
Consequently, increases in our sales are driven primarily by our
retention of supervisors and by our recruitment and retention of
distributors, rather than through increases in the productivity
of our overall supervisor base.
We provide distributors with products, support material,
training, special events and a competitive compensation program.
If a distributor wants to pursue the Herbalife business
opportunity, the distributor is responsible for growing his or
her business and personally pays for the sales activities
related to attracting new customers and recruiting distributors
by hosting events such as Herbalife Opportunity Meetings or
Success Training Seminars; by advertising Herbalifes
products, by purchasing and using promotional materials such as
t-shirts, buttons and caps; by utilizing and paying for direct
mail and print material such as brochures, flyers, catalogs,
business cards, posters and banners and telephone book listings;
by purchasing inventory for sale or use as samples; and by
training, mentoring and following up (in person or via the phone
or internet) with customers and recruits on how to use Herbalife
products
and/or
pursue the Herbalife business opportunity.
Presentation
Retail Sales represent the gross sales amounts on
our invoices to distributors before distributor allowances (as
defined below), and Net Sales, which reflects
distribution allowances and handling and freight income,
represent what we collect and recognize as net sales in its
financial statements. We discuss Retail Sales because of its
fundamental role in our compensation systems, internal controls
and operations, including its role as the basis upon which
distributor discounts, royalties and bonuses are awarded. In
addition, it is used as the basis for certain information
included in daily and monthly reports reviewed by our
management. However, such a measure is not in accordance with
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the U.S., or GAAP.
You should not consider Retail
17
Sales in isolation from, nor as a substitute for, net sales and
other consolidated income or cash flow statement data prepared
in accordance with GAAP, or as a measure of profitability or
liquidity. A reconciliation of Net Sales to Retail Sales is
presented below under Results of Operations. Product
Sales represent the actual product purchase price paid to
us by our distributors, after giving effect to distributor
discounts referred to as distributor allowances,
which approximate 50% of retail sales prices. Distributor
allowances as a percentage of sales may vary by country
depending upon regulatory restrictions that limit or otherwise
restrict distributor allowances.
Our gross profit consists of net sales less
cost of sales, which represents the prices we pay to
our raw material suppliers and manufacturers of our products as
well as costs related to product shipments, duties and tariffs,
freight expenses relating to shipment of products to
distributors and importers and similar expenses.
Royalty Overrides are our most significant expense
and consist of:
|
|
|
|
|
royalty overrides, and production bonuses which total
approximately 15% and 7%, respectively, of the Retail Sales of
Weight Management, Targeted Nutrition, Outer
Nutrition®
and promotional products;
|
|
|
|
the Mark Hughes Bonus payable to some of our most senior
distributors in the aggregate amount of up to 1% of retail sales
of Weight Management, Targeted Nutrition, Outer
Nutrition®
and promotional products; and
|
|
|
|
other discretionary incentive cash bonuses to qualifying
distributors.
|
Royalty Overrides are generally earned based on retail sales,
and approximate in the aggregate about 22% of retail sales or
approximately 36% of our net sales. Royalty Overrides together
with distributor allowances represent the potential earnings to
distributors of up to approximately 73% of retail sales. The
compensation to distributors is generally for the development,
retention and improved productivity of their distributor sales
organizations and is paid to several levels of distributors on
each sale. Due to restrictions on direct selling in China, our
full-time employed sales representatives in China are
compensated with wages, bonuses and benefits instead of the
distributors earnings, distributor allowances and royalty
overrides. Because of local country regulatory constraints, we
may be required to modify our typical distributor incentive
plans as described above. Consequently, the total distributor
discount percentage may vary over time. We also offer reduced
distributor allowances and pay reduced royalty overrides with
respect to certain products worldwide.
Our operating margins consist of net sales less cost
of sales and royalty overrides.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
represent our operating expenses, components of which include
labor and benefits, sales events, professional fees, travel and
entertainment, distributor marketing, occupancy costs,
communication costs, bank fees, depreciation and amortization,
foreign exchange gains and losses and other miscellaneous
operating expenses.
Most of our sales to distributors outside the United States are
made in the respective local currencies. In preparing our
financial statements, we translate revenues into
U.S. dollars using average exchange rates. Additionally,
the majority of our purchases from our suppliers generally are
made in U.S. dollars. Consequently, a strengthening of the
U.S. dollar versus a foreign currency can have a negative
impact on our reported sales and operating margins and can
generate transaction losses on intercompany transactions.
Throughout the last five years, foreign currency exchange rates
have fluctuated significantly. From time to time, we enter into
foreign exchange forward contracts and option contracts to
mitigate our foreign currency exchange risk.
Summary
Financial Results
For the three months ended March 31, 2007, net sales
increased 11.5% to $508.1 million from $455.8 million
for the three months ended March 31, 2006. The increase
reflects the continued retailing success from distributors using
the Nutrition Club operating method in Mexico and the
U.S. The growth in the two markets accounted for 55.1% of
the overall increase in net sales. Venezuela and certain other
South American countries also experienced significant sales
growth due in part to the opening of Peru during the first
quarter of 2007, while net sales in Brazil declined. Net sales
for the three months ended March 31, 2007 in EMEA and North
Asia, were flat when compared to the same period in 2006.
18
Net income increased for the three months ended March 31,
2007 to $41.2 million, or $0.55 per diluted share,
from $38.7 million, or $0.53 per diluted share for the
same period in 2006. The net income increase was driven by
revenue growth primarily in Mexico and the U.S. markets and
lower interest expense following a debt refinancing in July
2006. Net income for the three months ended March 31, 2007
included a $1.0 million unfavorable after tax impact in
connection with the Realignment for Growth plan and a
$3.6 million charge for an increase in tax reserve. Net
income for the three months ended March 31, 2006 included
the impact of a $3.7 million tax benefit resulting from an
international income tax settlement.
Results
of Operations
Our results of operations for the periods described below are
not necessarily indicative of results of operations for future
periods, which depend upon numerous factors, including our
ability to recruit and retain new distributors, open new markets
and further penetrate existing markets and introduce new
products and develop niche market segments.
The following table sets forth selected results of our
operations expressed as a percentage of net sales for the
periods indicated.
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Three Months Ended
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March 31,
|
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March 31,
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|
2006
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|
2007
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|
|
Operations:
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
Net sales
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
Cost of sales
|
|
|
20.1
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|
|
21.1
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|
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|
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|
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|
Gross profit
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|
|
79.9
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|
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|
78.9
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|
Royalty overrides
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|
|
36.3
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|
|
|
35.5
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|
Selling, general & admin
expenses
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|
|
29.6
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|
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|
29.4
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|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating income
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|
|
14.0
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|
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|
14.0
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|
Interest expense
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|
|
1.3
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|
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|
0.4
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|
|
|
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Income before income taxes and
minority interest
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|
|
12.7
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|
|
|
13.6
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|
Income taxes
|
|
|
4.2
|
|
|
|
5.5
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|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
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|
|
8.5
|
%
|
|
|
8.1
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%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
19
Three
months ended March 31, 2007 compared to three months ended
March 31, 2006
Net
Sales
The following chart reconciles Retail Sales to net sales:
Sales by
Geographic Region
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Three Months Ended March 31,
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2006
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2007
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Handling
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Handling
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Change
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Retail
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Distributor
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Product
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& Freight
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Net
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Retail
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Distributor
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Product
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& Freight
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Net
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in Net
|
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Sales
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Allowance
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Sales
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Income
|
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Sales
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Sales
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Allowance
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Sales
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|
Income
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Sales
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Sales
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|
(Dollars in millions)
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|
|
EMEA
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|
$
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232.3
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|
|
$
|
(111.3
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)
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|
$
|
121.0
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|
|
$
|
20.5
|
|
|
$
|
141.5
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|
|
$
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234.1
|
|
|
$
|
(112.7
|
)
|
|
$
|
121.4
|
|
|
$
|
21.8
|
|
|
$
|
143.2
|
|
|
|
1.2
|
%
|
Mexico & Central America
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|
|
141.5
|
|
|
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(68.7
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)
|
|
|
72.8
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|
|
|
11.2
|
|
|
|
84.0
|
|
|
|
161.3
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|
|
|
(78.4
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)
|
|
|
82.9
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|
|
|
13.0
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|
|
|
95.9
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|
|
|
14.2
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%
|
North America
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|
|
140.9
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|
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(67.7
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)
|
|
|
73.2
|
|
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|
13.9
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|
|
|
87.1
|
|
|
|
168.5
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(80.3
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)
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88.2
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|
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16.3
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|
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|
104.5
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|
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|
20.0
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%
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SAMSEA
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|
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73.3
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|
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(34.6
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)
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38.7
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|
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|
4.8
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|
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|
43.5
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|
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|
94.4
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(45.5
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)
|
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|
48.9
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6.9
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|
55.8
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|
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28.3
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%
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Brazil
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59.0
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(28.3
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)
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30.7
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4.8
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35.5
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54.2
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(25.7
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)
|
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28.5
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|
|
|
4.8
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|
|
|
33.3
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|
|
|
(6.2
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)%
|
Greater China
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|
|
45.9
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|
|
|
(20.2
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)
|
|
|
25.7
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|
|
|
2.9
|
|
|
|
28.6
|
|
|
|
62.6
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|
|
|
(25.4
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)
|
|
|
37.2
|
|
|
|
3.5
|
|
|
|
40.7
|
|
|
|
42.3
|
%
|
North Asia
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|
|
58.2
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|
|
|
(26.7
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)
|
|
|
31.5
|
|
|
|
4.1
|
|
|
|
35.6
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|
|
|
56.1
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|
|
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(25.3
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)
|
|
|
30.8
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|
|
|
3.9
|
|
|
|
34.7
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|
|
|
(2.5
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)%
|
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|
Worldwide
|
|
$
|
751.1
|
|
|
$
|
(357.5
|
)
|
|
$
|
393.6
|
|
|
$
|
62.2
|
|
|
$
|
455.8
|
|
|
$
|
831.2
|
|
|
$
|
(393.3
|
)
|
|
$
|
437.9
|
|
|
$
|
70.2
|
|
|
$
|
508.1
|
|
|
|
11.5
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
Changes in net sales are directly associated with the recruiting
and retention of our distributor force, retailing of our
products, the quality and completeness of the product offerings
that the distributor force has to sell and the number of
countries in which we operate. Managements role, both
in-country and at the corporate level is to provide distributors
with a competitive and broad product line, encourage strong
teamwork and leadership among the Chairmans Club and
Presidents Team distributors and offer leading edge
business tools to make doing business with Herbalife simple.
Management uses the distributor marketing program coupled with
educational and motivational tools and promotions to incentivize
distributors to increase recruiting, retention and retailing,
which in turn affect net sales. Such tools include company
sponsored sales events such as Extravaganzas and World Team
Schools where large groups of distributors gather, thus allowing
them to network with other distributors, learn recruiting,
retention and retailing techniques from our leading distributors
and become more familiar with how to market and sell our
products and business opportunities. Accordingly, management
believes that these development and motivation programs can
increase the productivity of the supervisor network. The
expenses for such programs are included in Selling
General & Administrative Expenses. Sales are driven by
several factors, including the number and productivity of
distributors and supervisors who continually build, educate and
motivate their respective distribution and sales organizations.
We also use event and non-event product promotions to motivate
distributors to increase recruiting, retention and retailing
activities. These promotions have prizes ranging from qualifying
for events to product prizes and vacations. The costs of these
promotions are included in Selling, General &
Administrative Expenses.
The factors described above have helped distributors increase
their business, which in turn has driven growth in our business.
The following net sales by geographic unit discussion further
details some of the above factors and describes unique growth
factors specific to certain major countries. We believe that the
correct business foundation, coupled with ongoing training and
promotional initiatives, is required to increase recruiting and
retention of distributors and retailing of our products. The
correct business foundation includes strong country management
that works closely with the distributor leadership, unified
distributor leadership, a broad product line that appeals to
local consumer needs, a favorable regulatory environment, a
scalable and stable technology platform and an attractive
distributor marketing plan. Initiatives such as Success Training
Seminars, World Team Schools, Promotional Events and regional
Extravaganzas are integral components of developing a highly
motivated and educated distributor sales organization that will
work toward increasing the recruitment and retention of
distributors.
Our strategy will continue to include creating and maintaining
growth within existing markets while expanding into new markets.
We expect to increase our spending in Selling,
General & Administrative Expenses to maintain or
stimulate sales growth, while making strategic investments in
new initiatives and in new markets. In
20
addition, new ideas and distributor business methods, or
DMOs, are being generated in our regional markets, either
by distributors, country management or corporate management.
Examples are the Nutrition Clubs in Mexico, the Total Plan in
Brazil, The Wellness Coach in France, The Sampling Program in
the U.S., and Generation Herbalife, or GenH, in many of our
markets, as described under Net Sales below.
Managements strategy is to review the applicability of
expanding successful country initiatives throughout a region and
where appropriate, financially support the globalization of
these initiatives.
North
America
Net sales in North America increased $17.4 million, or
20.0%, for the three months ended March 31, 2007, as
compared to the same period of 2006. In local currency, net
sales increased 20.2% for the three months ended March 31,
2007, as compared to the same period of 2006. The fluctuation of
foreign currency rates had an unfavorable impact of
$0.1 million on net sales for the three months ended
March 31, 2007. The overall increase was a result of net
sales growth in the U.S. of $18.3 million or 22.5% for
the three months ended March 31, 2007, as compared to the
same period of 2006. In the U.S., we expanded our branding
efforts with AEG by entering into an exclusive sponsorship
agreement with the LA Galaxy soccer team. We also agreed to a
major sponsorship agreement with an AVP Volleyball tour athlete,
Karch Kiraly.
The increase in net sales in the U.S. was a result of a
number of factors, including supervisor growth, up 19.7% at
March 31, 2007, as compared to the same period of 2006, the
continued strong relationship between the U.S. country
management team and the distributor leadership, continued
branding efforts such as sponsorship of the 2007 Amgen Tour of
California bicycle race and the growth of the Nutrition Club DMO
amongst our Latino distributors. To further support the
retailing and recruiting efforts of our distributors, we opened
a new sales center in Phoenix, Arizona in April 2007 and
introduced a new flavor, Pina Colada, into our top selling
Formula 1 shake line in the U.S. In January 2007, our
Kickoff Supervisor Trainings attracted over 6,700 Distributors
across 16 cities.
We believe that 2007 net sales in North America should
continue to show positive year over year growth primarily as a
result of the expected continuation of strong momentum in the
U.S., the continued success and expansion of the Nutrition Club
concept and increased focus on the Lead Generation/Sampling.
Mexico
and Central America
Net sales in Mexico and Central America for the three months
ended March 31, 2007 increased $11.9 million, or
14.2%, as compared to the same period of 2006. In local
currency, net sales for the three months ended March 31,
2007 increased 18.6%, as compared to the same period of 2006.
The fluctuation of foreign currency rates had an unfavorable
impact of $3.8 million on net sales for the three months
ended March 31, 2007. The overall increase was primarily a
result of net sales growth in Mexico of $10.5 million or
12.6% for the three months ended March 31, 2007.
The increase in net sales in Mexico was primarily driven by very
strong sales in the re-qualification month of January 2007 and
strong supervisor growth, up 56.2% at March 31, 2007, as
compared to March 31, 2006. The 2007 retention rate was
55.1%, as compared to the prior year of 57.5%, reflecting
infrastructure and distributor training issues which have
affected overall sales growth in Mexico. During the first
quarter we expanded two existing sales centers in Leon and
Tijuana and opened two new third party operations. In addition,
we relocated and expanded our Mexico City South sales center.
All of these moves were designed to improve our infrastructure
and provide additional distributor access points to support the
expansion of our business. In January 2007, we held a
Presidents Team Tour and a life style day in 8 different
cities attracting over 10,000 attendees. In March 2007, 21
Supervisor Training School meetings were held in various cities
attracting 11,300 attendees. In Central America, El Salvador was
opened in February 2007, becoming our
64th country.
We believe that 2007 net sales in Mexico and Central America
will be flat to slightly positive as compared to 2006 net sales
levels as first quarter sequential sales growth in Mexico was up
less than 1% compared to the fourth quarter of 2006. We believe
that we have made significant progress in addressing the root
causes for the slow down in Mexico by making changes in the
infrastructure, training and distributor business practice
issues. In addition to the sales centers opened in the first
quarter, we plan to open four additional facilities in the
second quarter designed
21
to improve our product availability throughout Mexico. We have
developed a comprehensive training plan with our Mexican
distributor leadership and are currently implementing an
extensive training and compliance auditing program targeting our
Nutrition Club DMO to promote distributor best practices that we
believe will accelerate our Nutrition Club growth. On the
business practice front, we have hired a new Ethics and Business
Practices director and have 25 inspectors in the field
conducting Nutrition Club visits and audits in 17 cities.
In addition, TAB Team members have been asked to perform
inspections of Nutrition Clubs operating in their organization
and report their findings back to the Company in April 2007. All
of these efforts should be largely completed by the end of the
second quarter, at which time we believe that we will have
successfully addressed and resolved the major issues.
Brazil
Net sales in Brazil decreased $2.2 million, or 6.2%, for
the three months ended March 31, 2007, as compared to the
same period of 2006. In local currency, net sales decreased
10.0% for the three months ended March 31, 2007, as
compared to the same period of 2006. The fluctuation of foreign
currency rates had a favorable impact of $1.3 million on
net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2007.
The net sales decline in Brazil reflected the decrease in the
recruiting rate of new supervisors and a more difficult than
anticipated transition of existing distributors to the Customer
Club DMO. Specifically, we have seen a decline in the business
of those distributors who have recently adopted Customer Clubs
as their primary method of operation. As these distributors
become more familiar with the best practices associated with
operating their Clubs and building a sustainable customer base,
we expect their business to increase. Distributors operating
clubs for over a year experienced a 15% increase in business
during the quarter, compared to the same period in 2006. Also
contributing to the sales decline was a drop in Outer Nutrition
sales as distributors changed from the Daily Action Plan DMO to
the adoption of other referral tools. In February we held an
Extravaganza in Fortaleza Brazil which attracted 3,500
distributors and featured Customer Club training, re-launch and
training for the Nourifusion skin care line and key
Chairmans Club and Presidents Team training. We are
also sponsoring the 2007 Trofeu Brasil de Triathlon championship
with the first race in Santos held on March 18, 2007.
We believe that 2007 sales in Brazil will essentially be flat
with 2006 as we continue to be challenged by many of the same
issues we faced in the first quarter. In order to help mitigate
these challenges, we will proactively address these issues with
several initiatives including monthly conference calls with
distributor leadership to strengthen current promotions and
improve training for Customer Club concepts and rules, a new
Nutrition Club manual incorporating new rules and procedures
based on legal requirements in an effect to share best
practices, Nutrition Club site visits and the introduction of
audit processes and monitoring. We will also be launching a new
product catalog and introducing new locally developed Outer
Nutrition products at more affordable price points and providing
NouriFusion samples as well as updating training materials for
other commonly used DMOs.
South
America and Southeast Asia
Net sales in South America and Southeast Asia increased
$12.3 million, or 28.3%, for the three months ended
March 31, 2007, as compared to the same period of 2006. In
local currency, net sales increased 23.6% for the three months
ended March 31, 2007, as compared to the same period of
2006. The fluctuation of foreign currency rates had a favorable
impact of $2.0 million on net sales for the three months
ended March 31, 2007. The overall increase was attributable
mainly to net sales increases in Colombia, Argentina, Venezuela,
Thailand and Malaysia, and the opening of Peru in December 2006
as a new market. In the first quarter of 2007, we held an
extravaganza for the South America region in Bogota, Columbia,
which was attended by over 11,000 distributors from more than
20 countries.
Colombia, Argentina, Venezuela, Thailand and Malaysia
experienced sales increases of 94.1%, 26.5%, 168.1%, 52.4% and
29.9%, respectively, for the quarter ended March 31, 2007,
as compared to the same period of 2006. This growth was the
result of new supervisor growth and positive momentum from local
events, including monthly Supervisor Training Schools,
Malaysias
1st Anniversary,
Chiles 10th Anniversary celebrations, and
Thailands Kick-off Spectacular; sponsored activities such
as the Beach Volleyball Tour in Australia and New Zealand;
and several new product launches, including Herbalifeline in
Colombia and Nourifusion in Malaysia.
We believe the 2007 sales in South America and Southeast Asia
should continue to show positive year over year growth primarily
as a result of continued momentum in Argentina and Venezuela,
the opening of Peru, the
22
planned opening of Paraguay in the fourth quarter of 2007, and
the ability to respond more quickly to distributor and consumer
needs as a result of the Realignment for Growth efforts.
EMEA
EMEA net sales increased $1.7 million, or 1.2%, for the
three months ended March 31, 2007, as compared to the same
period of 2006. In local currency, net sales decreased 5.5% for
the three months ended March 31, 2007, as compared to the
same period of 2006. The fluctuation of foreign currency rates
had a favorable impact on net sales of $9.5 million for the
three months ended March 31, 2007.
The net sales increase was primarily due to the favorable impact
of foreign currency rates and continued growth in Portugal,
Spain, France and Italy, which experienced sales increases of
37.3%, 18.1%, 8.4% and 6.9%, respectively. Germany and the
Netherlands continued to experience decreases in net sales of
21.1% and 19.5%, respectively, for the quarter ended
March 31, 2007, as compared to the same period of 2006.
The net sales increases in Portugal, Spain, France and Italy
continued, primarily due to a well balanced performance across
distributor retailing, recruiting and retention efforts, a
united distributor leadership working closely with the local
management, and a program focus on various Lead Generation
DMOs. In addition, there has been an increasing emphasis
on good health and nutrition in France and in Portugal, and
leadership has restructured Distributor training to include DMOs
such as Nutrition Clubs, Wellness Evaluation and Sampling
activities.
The decline in Germany was primarily driven by the continued
loss of momentum resulting in a decrease in supervisors, down
27.2% at March 31, 2007, as compared to the same period of
2006. In Germany, significant distributor training has been
undertaken, concentrating on long term customers, Nutrition
Clubs and wellness coaching DMOs.
The net sales decline in the Netherlands was primarily driven by
lower recruiting of new distributors. A major media campaign was
conducted in January 2007, including radio, newsprint, flyers
and other advertising materials in conjunction with the
Distributors to further support the market.
While progress is being made, the turnaround is expected to be
slow in Germany and the Netherlands and net sales for 2007 are
expected to be below the 2006 level for these countries.
We expect 2007 net sales in EMEA to be essentially flat
when compared to 2006. We have identified several high-potential
markets such as Russia and Poland for which we are developing
initiatives along with our distributors to grow sales and we are
increasing local branding activities. Throughout EMEA the local
branding activities include sponsoring the London Triathlon, the
Lisbon triathlon and Beach Volleyball World Tour in Portugal,
the French Ironman Triathlon, the Madrid Triathlon and the
Moscow Marathon, which are intended to continually improve our
corporate and brand reputation in these markets. We are also
enhancing distributor communication processes and training, and
continuing to launch our newer products into more markets, most
notably
Liftofftm,
which was introduced in 20 markets in EMEA in 2006 and the first
quarter of 2007, and Cookies & Cream flavor of our top
selling Formula 1 shake line.
Greater
China
Greater China net sales increased $12.1 million, or 42.3%,
for the three months ended March 31, 2007, as compared to
the same period of 2006. In local currency, net sales increased
42.7% for the three months ended March 31, 2007, as
compared to the same period of 2006. The fluctuation of foreign
currency rates had an unfavorable impact of $0.1 million on
net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2007. The
overall increase in net sales was attributable to the sales
increases in China and Taiwan, while Hong Kong continued to
experience a decline in sales.
Net sales in China increased by $7.4 million, or 173.4%,
for the three months ended March 31, 2007, as compared to
the same period of 2006. Since March of 2005 we have opened 42
stores and 20 service centers in 31 provinces throughout China.
On March 23, 2007, we received our Direct Sellers license
for the cities of Suzhou and Nanjing in the Jiangsu province.
23
Net sales in Taiwan increased $5.9 million, or 28.5%, for
the three months ended March 31, 2007, as compared to the
same period of 2006. The increase in net sales is primarily
attributable to the refocus of local distributor leadership and
some of their key members whose attention had temporarily
shifted to the opening of Malaysia in 2006 and the emerging
business opportunity in China.
Net sales in Hong Kong decreased $1.1 million, or 29.0%,
for the three months ended March 31, 2007, as compared to
the same period of 2006. The decline in net sales was primarily
the result of a loss of momentum, attributable to the focus on
the emerging opportunity in China, resulting in a decrease in
supervisors, down 32.2% at March 31, 2007, as compared to
March 31, 2006.
We believe the 2007 sales in Greater China should continue its
positive year over year growth primarily as a result of the
continued growth in Taiwan along with expansion of our business
in China. We believe that the Direct Sellers licenses received
in China in the first quarter of 2007 will foster sales growth
in China over the long term.
North
Asia
North Asia net sales decreased $0.9 million, or 2.5%, for
the three months ended March 31, 2007, as compared to the
same period of 2006. In local currency, net sales decreased 3.0%
for the three months ended March 31, 2007, as compared to
the same period of 2006. The fluctuation of foreign currency
rates had a favorable impact of $0.2 million on net sales
for the three months ended March 31, 2007.
Net sales in Japan decreased $2.9 million, or 12.8%, for
the three months ended March 31, 2007, as compared to the
same period of 2006. Continued competitive pressures from new
companies entering the market and a decline in the recruiting of
new supervisors were the primary reasons for the decline in
sales. Although the full year retention rate decreased slightly
compared to prior year, 48.9% versus 50.9%, the number of
re-qualified supervisors remained approximately equal. We are
currently running a Singapore Challenge promotion aimed at
creating distributor excitement for the Summer Extravaganza to
be held in Singapore later this year. The promotion runs through
June 2007. We also held a Supervisor Spectacular event at the
end of February 2007 which attracted 2,500 supervisors. We
continue to be a sponsor of the Toray Tennis Tournament which
was held January 30, 2007 through February 4, 2007 and attracted
over 53,000 spectators.
Net sales in Korea increased $2.0 million, or 14.6%, for
the three months ended March 31, 2007, as compared to the
same period of 2006. We believe that a portion of the sales
increase in Korea was the result of distributors buying
ahead of an April 1, 2007 price increase and this may
adversely affect sales in the second quarter of 2007. A
Lift-Off promotion which ran from January 2007 through
March 2007 was held to create excitement for the launch of
Lift-Off in April 2007. In addition, a Korea Spectacular
event was held in January which attracted 1,200 attendees.
We believe the 2007 sales in North Asia will be flat to slightly
positive when compared to 2006 driven primarily by growth in
Korea and a modest improvement in the rate of decline in Japan.
We believe the current promotion running in Japan will provide
incremental sales and reinvigorate our distributor leadership
there. Korea will be launching Lift-Off in April 2007 and
will be hosting a Leadership Training event in June 2007.
Sales by
Product Category
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|
Three Months Ended March 31,
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2006
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2007
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Handling
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Handling
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Retail
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|
Distributor
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Product
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& Freight
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Retail
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|
Distributor
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Product
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& Freight
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Net
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|
% Change in
|
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Sales
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Allowance
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Sales
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Income
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|
|
Net Sales
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Sales
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Allowance
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Sales
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Income
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Sales
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|
Net Sales
|
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|
(Dollars in millions)
|
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|
Weight Management
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|
$
|
322.5
|
|
|
$
|
(159.0
|
)
|
|
$
|
163.5
|
|
|
$
|
26.7
|
|
|
$
|
190.2
|
|
|
$
|
370.8
|
|
|
$
|
(182.0
|
)
|
|
$
|
188.8
|
|
|
$
|
31.3
|
|
|
$
|
220.1
|
|
|
|
15.7
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%
|
Targeted Nutrition
|
|
|
340.2
|
|
|
|
(167.8
|
)
|
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172.4
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28.2
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|
|
|
200.6
|
|
|
|
377.3
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|
|
|
(185.2
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)
|
|
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192.1
|
|
|
|
31.9
|
|
|
|
224.0
|
|
|
|
11.7
|
%
|
Outer
Nutrition®
|
|
|
69.4
|
|
|
|
(34.2
|
)
|
|
|
35.2
|
|
|
|
5.7
|
|
|
|
40.9
|
|
|
|
61.3
|
|
|
|
(30.1
|
)
|
|
|
31.2
|
|
|
|
5.2
|
|
|
|
36.4
|
|
|
|
(11.0
|
)%
|
Literature, Promotional and Other
|
|
|
19.0
|
|
|
|
3.5
|
|
|
|
22.5
|
|
|
|
1.6
|
|
|
|
24.1
|
|
|
|
21.8
|
|
|
|
4.0
|
|
|
|
25.8
|
|
|
|
1.8
|
|
|
|
27.6
|
|
|
|
14.5
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
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|
|
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|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
751.1
|
|
|
$
|
(357.5
|
)
|
|
$
|
393.6
|
|
|
$
|
62.2
|
|
|
$
|
455.8
|
|
|
$
|
831.2
|
|
|
$
|
(393.3
|
)
|
|
$
|
437.9
|
|
|
$
|
70.2
|
|
|
$
|
508.1
|
|
|
|
11.5
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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24
Our increased emphasis on the science of weight management and
nutrition during the past two years has resulted in product
introductions such as
Niteworkstm
and Garden 7
tm,
Best
Defensetm
and the introduction of
ShapeWorkstm,
a personalized meal replacement program. Due to the launch of
these new products together with the continued positive sales
momentum discussed above, net sales of weight management
products and targeted nutrition products increased. The change
of product mix due to various DMOs, as well as the change
in country mix, resulted in a decrease in the sales of Outer
Nutrition®
products. With the introduction of new outer nutrition products
like NouriFusion, and the increased use of the Total Plan
by distributors in Brazil and worldwide, which uses outer
nutrition®
products as its foundation, we anticipate moderate sales growth
in 2007. We expect growth rates within these categories will
vary from time to time as we launch new products.
Gross
Profit
Gross profit was $400.8 million for the three months ended
March 31, 2007, as compared to $364.4 million in the
same period of 2006. As a percentage of net sales, gross profit
for the three months ended March 31, 2007 decreased
slightly from 79.9% to 78.9%, as compared to the same period in
2006. The decrease in gross profit percentage in the first
quarter of 2007 was primarily due to changes in country mix,
foreign exchange fluctuations and higher freight and excise tax
in certain countries. For the changes in country mix, there was
an unfavorable impact to the overall gross profit percentage
related to the increase in North America sales, which has a
lower gross profit margin, as a percent of worldwide sales, and
the decrease in EMEA sales, which has a higher gross profit
margin, as a percent of worldwide sales. Generally, gross profit
percentages do not vary significantly as a percentage of sales
other than due to product or country mix, ongoing cost reduction
initiatives and provisions for slow moving and obsolete
inventory. Additionally, we believe that we have the ability to
mitigate ingredient and manufacturing cost increases from our
suppliers by raising the prices of our products or shifting
product sourcing to alternative manufacturers.
Royalty
Overrides
Royalty Overrides as a percentage of net sales were 35.5% for
the three months ended March 31, 2007, as compared to 36.3%
in the same period of 2006. The decrease for the quarter ended
March 31, 2007 was primarily due to changes in the mix of
products and countries, a lower Active World Team bonus and the
increase in sales in China where compensation to our full-time
sales representatives was included in Selling,
General & Administrative Expenses instead of Royalty
Overrides. Generally, this ratio varies slightly from period to
period due to changes in the mix of products and countries
because full Royalty Overrides are not paid on certain products
or in certain countries. Due to the structure of our global
compensation plan, we do not expect to see significant
fluctuations in Royalty Overrides as a percent of net sales.
Selling,
General, & Administrative Expenses
Selling, General, & Administrative expenses as a
percentage of net sales were 29.6% and 29.4% for the three
months ended March 31, 2006 and March 31, 2007,
respectively.
For the three months ended March 31, 2007, Selling,
General & Administrative expenses increased
$14.4 million to $149.4 million, from
$135.0 million in the same period of 2006. The increase
included $7.8 million in higher salaries and benefits due
primarily to normal merit increases, severance related to the
realignment for growth plan (discussed in Note 11 to our
consolidated financial statements) and higher compensation costs
associated with employee sales representatives in China;
$1.9 million in higher expenses related to sales events and
promotions; and $1.2 million in higher depreciation and
amortization related mostly to expansion and relocation to new
facilities. The increases were partially offset by
$2.3 million in lower legal and litigations expenses and
lower professional fees related to IT infrastructure development.
We expect 2007 Selling, General & Administrative
expenses to increase in absolute dollars over 2006 levels
reflecting general salary merit increases, continued investments
in China and various sales growth initiatives including sales
events and promotions, partially offset by labor savings in
2007, resulting from our Realignment for Growth plan initiated
in 2006. As a result of these initiatives, we believe that
Selling General & Administrative Expenses as a
percentage of net sales should improve compared to 2006 levels.
25
Net
Interest Expense
Net interest expense was $2.2 million for the three months
ended March 31, 2007, as compared to $6.0 million for
the same period of 2006. The lower interest expense in 2007 was
primarily due to the redemption in August 2006 of the
outstanding $165.0 million aggregate principal amount of
our
91/2% Notes
due 2011, which bears a higher interest rate, and the lower
balance of total long term borrowings.
Income
Taxes
Income taxes were $27.7 million for the three months ended
March 31, 2007, as compared to $19.4 million in the
same period of 2006. As a percentage of pre-tax income, the
effective income tax rate was 40.2% for the three months ended
March 31, 2007, as compared to 33.4% in the same period of
2006. The increase in the effective tax rate for the three
months ended March 31, 2007, as compared to the same period
of 2006, was caused primarily by an increase in unrecognized tax
benefits, i.e. income tax reserves, that are not related to the
adoption of FIN 48 and the favorable settlement of the
international tax audits in the first quarter of 2006, and was
partially offset by a decrease in the operating effective tax
rate in the first quarter of 2007, as compared to the same
period in 2006. Excluding the effect of the increase in prior
year unrecognized tax benefits, the effective tax rate would
have been approximately 35.1% for the three months ended
March 31, 2007.
Restructuring
Reserve
In July 2006, we initiated a realignment of our employee base as
part of our Realignment for Growth plan. We recorded
$3.0 million of professional fees, severance and related
costs in the preparation stage of the plan in the third quarter
of 2006, $7.5 million of severance and related costs in the
fourth quarter of 2006 and $1.5 million of severance and
related costs in the first quarter of 2007. We expect to
complete the realignment during 2007 and recognize an additional
$0.3 million of related costs by the end of 2007.
Liquidity
and Capital Resources
We have historically met our working capital and capital
expenditure requirements, including funding for expansion of
operations, through net cash flows provided by operating
activities. Our principal source of liquidity is our operating
cash flows. Variations in sales of our products would directly
affect the availability of funds. There are no material
restrictions on the ability to transfer and remit funds among
our international affiliated companies.
For the three months ended March 31, 2007, we generated
$46.1 million from operating cash flows, as compared to
$43.7 million for the same period of 2006. The increase in
cash generated from operations reflected an increase in
operating income of $7.0 million, which was primarily
driven by 11.5% growth in net sales, partially offset by higher
royalty overrides and Selling, General and Administrative
expenses.
Capital expenditures, including capital leases, for the three
months ended March 31, 2007 were $9.1 million, as
compared to $12.2 million for the same period in 2006. The
majority of these expenditures represented investments in
management information systems, the development of our
direct-to-consumer
platform, and the expansion of our facilities in China, Peru and
Mexico. We expect to incur capital expenditures of up to
$45.0 million in 2007.
We terminated our $225.0 million senior secured credit
facility in July 2006 in connection with the debt refinancing.
We repaid all amounts outstanding under that credit facility
amounting to $79.6 million. Interest expense in the third
quarter of 2006 includes $1.7 million of write-off of
deferred financing cost. We entered into a $300.0 million
senior secured credit facility with a syndicate of financial
institutions as lenders in August 2006. The new credit facility
is comprised of a $200.0 million term loan and a revolving
credit facility of $100.0 million. The term loan matures on
July 21, 2013 and the revolving credit facility is
available until July 21, 2012. The term loan bears interest
at LIBOR plus a margin of 1.5% and the revolver bears interest
at LIBOR plus a margin of 1.25%. We borrowed $200.0 million
pursuant to the new term loan in August 2006 to fund the
redemption of the outstanding $165.0 million aggregate
principal amount of our
91/2% Notes
due 2011. During 2006 we prepaid $20.0 million of our new
term loan borrowings. In March 2007, we made another prepayment
of $29.5 million. In July 2006, we also redeemed the
outstanding $0.1 million principal amount of the
113/4% Notes
due 2010.
26
The following summarizes our contractual obligations including
interest at March 31, 2007 and the effect such obligations
are expected to have on our liquidity and cash flows in future
periods:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Payments Due by period
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2012 &
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2010
|
|
|
2011
|
|
|
Thereafter
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Senior Secured Term Loan
|
|
$
|
212.8
|
|
|
$
|
8.9
|
|
|
$
|
11.8
|
|
|
$
|
11.6
|
|
|
$
|
11.5
|
|
|
$
|
11.4
|
|
|
$
|
157.6
|
|
Capital Leases
|
|
|
4.3
|
|
|
|
2.1
|
|
|
|
1.1
|
|
|
|
0.9
|
|
|
|
0.1
|
|
|
|
0.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other debt
|
|
|
0.4
|
|
|
|
0.4
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating leases
|
|
|
122.3
|
|
|
|
17.7
|
|
|
|
18.4
|
|
|
|
16.2
|
|
|
|
13.0
|
|
|
|
11.6
|
|
|
|
45.4
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
339.8
|
|
|
$
|
29.1
|
|
|
$
|
31.3
|
|
|
$
|
28.7
|
|
|
$
|
24.6
|
|
|
$
|
23.1
|
|
|
$
|
203.0
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of March 31, 2007, we had positive working capital of
$151.0 million. Cash and cash equivalents were
$162.2 million at March 31, 2007, compared to
$154.3 million at December 31, 2006.
We expect that cash and funds provided from operations and
available borrowings under our new revolving credit facility
will provide sufficient working capital to operate our business,
to make expected capital expenditures and to meet foreseeable
liquidity requirements, including debt service on the new term
loan. There can be no assurance, however, that our business will
service our debt or fund our other liquidity needs.
The majority of our purchases from suppliers are generally made
in U.S. dollars, while sales to Herbalife distributors
generally are made in local currencies. Consequently,
strengthening of the U.S. dollar versus a foreign currency
can have a negative impact on operating margins and can generate
transaction losses on intercompany transactions. For discussion
of our foreign exchange contracts and other hedging
arrangements, see the quantitative and qualitative disclosures
about market risks described below.
Whitney
Offer
On February 2, 2007, our Board of Directors received a
proposal from Whitney V L.P. and its affiliates to acquire all
of our outstanding common shares for $38.00 per share in
cash. Our Board of Directors established a special committee
consisting solely of independent directors to review the
proposal. On March 30, 2007, the special committee of the
Board of Directors rejected the offer from Whitney V L.P. and
thereafter, the Board of Directors disbanded the special
committee
Subsequent
Events
On April 18, 2007, we announced that our Board of Directors
has authorized a program for the Company to repurchase up to
$300 million of our common shares during the next two
years, at such times and prices as determined by our management,
as market conditions warrant. Additionally, our Board of
Directors adopted a regular quarterly cash dividend program. As
part of this program, we announced a $0.20 per share cash
dividend for the first quarter 2007, payable on May 15,
2007 to shareholders of record on April 30, 2007.
Contingencies
The Company is from time to time engaged in routine litigation.
The Company regularly reviews all pending litigation matters in
which it is involved and establishes reserves deemed appropriate
by management for these litigation matters when a probable loss
estimate can be made.
Herbalife International and certain of its independent
distributors have been named as defendants in a purported class
action lawsuit filed February 17, 2005, in the Superior
Court of California, County of San Francisco, and served on
Herbalife International on March 14, 2005
(Minton v. Herbalife International, et al). The
case has been transferred to the Los Angeles County Superior
Court. The plaintiff is challenging the marketing practices of
certain Herbalife International independent distributors and
Herbalife International under various state laws prohibiting
endless chain schemes, insufficient disclosure in
assisted marketing plans, unfair and deceptive business
practices, and fraud and deceit. The plaintiff alleges that the
Freedom Group system operated by certain
27
independent distributors of Herbalife International products
places too much emphasis on recruiting and encourages
excessively large purchases of product and promotional materials
by distributors. The plaintiff also alleges that Freedom Group
pressured distributors to disseminate misleading promotional
materials. The plaintiff seeks to hold Herbalife International
vicariously liable for the actions of its independent
distributors and is seeking damages and injunctive relief. The
Company believes that it has meritorious defenses to the suit.
Herbalife International and certain of its distributors have
been named as defendants in a class action lawsuit filed
July 16, 2003, in the Circuit Court of Ohio County in the
State of West Virginia (Mey v. Herbalife International,
Inc., et al). The complaint alleges that certain
telemarketing practices of certain Herbalife International
distributors violate the Telephone Consumer Protection Act, or
TCPA, and seeks to hold Herbalife International vicariously
liable for the practices of its distributors. More specifically,
the plaintiffs complaint alleges that several of Herbalife
Internationals distributors used pre-recorded telephone
messages to contact prospective customers in violation of the
TCPAs prohibition of such practices. Herbalife
Internationals distributors are independent contractors
and if any such distributors in fact violated the TCPA they also
violated Herbalifes policies which require its
distributors to comply with all applicable federal, state and
local laws. The Company believes that it has meritorious
defenses to the suit.
As a marketer of dietary and nutritional supplements and other
products that are ingested by consumers or applied to their
bodies, the Company has been and is currently subjected to
various product liability claims. The effects of these claims to
date have not been material to the Company, and the reasonably
possible range of exposure on currently existing claims is not
material to the Company. The Company believes that it has
meritorious defenses to the allegations contained in the
lawsuits. The Company currently maintains product liability
insurance with an annual deductible of $10 million.
Certain of the Companys subsidiaries have been subject to
tax audits by governmental authorities in their respective
countries. In certain of these tax audits, governmental
authorities are proposing that significant amounts of additional
taxes and related interest and penalties are due. The Company
and its tax advisors believe that there are substantial defenses
to their allegations that additional taxes are owed, and the
Company vigorously contesting the additional proposed taxes and
related charges.
These matters may take several years to resolve, and the Company
cannot be sure of their ultimate resolution. However, it is the
opinion of management that adverse outcomes, if any, will not
likely result in a material effect on the Companys
financial condition and operating results. This opinion is based
on the belief that any losses suffered in excess of amounts
reserved would not be material and that the Company has
meritorious defenses. Although the Company has reserved an
amount that it believes represents the likely outcome of the
resolution of these disputes, if the Company is incorrect in its
assessment the Company may have to record additional expenses.
Critical
Accounting Policies
Our Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared in conformity
with accounting principles generally accepted in the United
States, which require us to make estimates and assumptions that
affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and
disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of
the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and
expenses during the year. Actual results could differ from those
estimates. We consider the following policies to be most
critical in understanding the judgments that are involved in
preparing the financial statements and the uncertainties that
could impact our results of operations, financial condition and
cash flows.
We are a network marketing company that sells a wide range of
weight management products, nutritional supplements and personal
care products within one industry segment as defined under
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards, or
SFAS No. 131, Disclosures about Segments of an
Enterprise and Related Information. Our products are
manufactured by third party providers and then sold to
independent distributors who sell Herbalife products to retail
consumers or other distributors.
We sell products in 64 countries throughout the world and we are
organized and managed by geographic region. In the first quarter
of 2003, we elected to aggregate our operating segments into one
reporting segment, as management believes that our operating
segments have similar operating characteristics and similar long
term
28
operating performance. In making this determination, management
believes that the operating segments are similar in the nature
of the products sold, the product acquisition process, the types
of customers products are sold to, the methods used to
distribute the products, and the nature of the regulatory
environment.
Revenue is recognized when products are shipped and title passes
to the independent distributor or importer. Amounts billed for
freight and handling costs are included in net sales. We
generally receive the net sales price in cash or through credit
card payments at the point of sale. Related royalty overrides
and allowances for product returns are recorded when the
merchandise is shipped.
Allowances for product returns primarily in connection with our
buyback program are provided at the time the product is shipped.
This accrual is based upon historic return rates for each
country and the relevant return pattern, which reflects
anticipated returns to be received over a period of up to
12 months following the original sale. Historically,
product returns and buybacks have not been significant. Product
returns and buybacks were approximately 0.9% and 0.9% for the
three months ended March 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively.
No material changes in estimates have been recognized for the
three months ended March 31, 2006 and 2007.
We record reserves against our inventory to provide for
estimated obsolete or unsalable inventory based on assumptions
about future demand for our products and market conditions. If
future demand and market conditions are less favorable than
managements assumptions, additional reserves could be
required. Likewise, favorable future demand and market
conditions could positively impact future operating results if
previously reserved for inventory is sold. We reserved for
obsolete and slow moving inventory totaling $11.4 million
and $12.2 million as of December 31, 2006 and
March 31, 2007, respectively.
In accordance with SFAS No. 144, long-lived
assets, such as property, plant, and equipment, and
purchased intangibles subject to amortization, are reviewed for
impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate
that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable.
Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a
comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to estimated
undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the
asset. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated
future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized by the
amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the
fair value of the asset. Assets to be disposed of would be
separately presented in the balance sheet and reported at the
lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell,
and are no longer depreciated. The assets and liabilities of a
disposed group classified as held for sale would be presented
separately in the appropriate asset and liability sections of
the balance sheet.
Goodwill and other intangibles not subject to amortization are
tested annually for impairment, and are tested for impairment
more frequently if events and circumstances indicate that the
asset might be impaired. An impairment loss is recognized to the
extent that the carrying amount exceeds the assets fair
value. This determination is made at the reporting unit level
and consists of two steps. First, the Company determines the
fair value of a reporting unit and compares it to its carrying
amount. Second, if the carrying amount of a reporting unit
exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized for any
excess of the carrying amount of the reporting units
goodwill and other intangibles over the implied fair value. The
implied fair value is determined by allocating the fair value of
the reporting unit in a manner similar to a purchase price
allocation, in accordance with SFAS No. 141,
Business Combinations. The residual fair value after this
allocation is the implied fair value of the reporting
units goodwill and other intangibles. As of March 31,
2007, we had goodwill of approximately $113.0 million, and
marketing franchise of $311.0 million. No impairment was
needed for the three months ended March 31, 2006 and 2007.
Goodwill was reduced in 2006 by approximately $21.0 million
due primarily to the effect of the settlement of an
international tax audit related to the pre-acquisition period
and the realization of pre-acquisition net operating losses.
Goodwill was reduced by $0.3 million in the first quarter
of 2007 due primarily to change in pre-acquisition income tax
reserve.
Contingencies are accounted for in accordance with
SFAS No. 5, Accounting for Contingencies.
SFAS No. 5 requires that we record an estimated loss
from a loss contingency when information available prior to
issuance of our financial statements indicates that it is
probable that an asset has been impaired or a liability has been
incurred at the date of the financial statements and the amount
of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Accounting for
contingencies requires us to use judgment. Many of these
contingencies can take years to be resolved. Generally, as
29
the time period increases over which the uncertainties are
resolved, the likelihood of changes to the estimate of the
ultimate outcome increases.
Deferred income tax assets have been established for net
operating loss carryforwards of certain foreign subsidiaries and
have been reduced by a valuation allowance to reflect them at
amounts estimated to be ultimately recognized. The net operating
loss carryforwards expire in varying amounts over a future
period of time. Realization of the income tax carryforwards is
dependent on generating sufficient taxable income prior to
expiration of the carryforwards. Although realization is not
assured, we believe it is more likely than not that the net
carrying value of the income tax carryforwards will be realized.
The amount of the income tax carryforwards that is considered
realizable, however, could change if estimates of future taxable
income during the carryforward period are adjusted.
We account for stock-based compensation in accordance with
SFAS No. 123R, Share-Based Payment. Under the
fair value recognition provisions of this statement, share-based
compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the
value of the award and is recognized as expense over the vesting
period. Determining the fair value of share-based awards at the
grant date requires judgment, including estimating our stock
price volatility and employee stock award exercise behaviors.
Our expected volatility is primarily based upon the historical
volatility of Herbalifes common stock and, due to the
limited period of public trading data for its common stock, it
is also validated against the volatility of a company peer
group. The expected life of awards is based on observed
historical exercise patterns, which can vary over time. As
stock-based compensation expense recognized in the Statement of
Income is based on awards ultimately expected to vest, the
amount of expense has been reduced for estimated forfeitures.
SFAS No. 123R requires forfeitures to be estimated at
the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent
periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates.
Forfeitures were estimated based on historical experience.
We account for uncertain tax positions in accordance with FASB
Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income
Taxes, or FIN 48 an interpretation of
SFAS No. 109. FIN 48 addressed the determination
of how tax benefits claimed or expected to be claimed on a tax
return should be recorded in the financial statements. Under
FIN 48, the Company must recognize the tax benefit from an
uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that
the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing
authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The
tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a
position are measured based on the largest benefit that has a
greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon
ultimate resolution. The impact of the adoption of FIN 48
did not have a material impact on the results of operations,
financial condition or liquidity.
New
Accounting Pronouncements
In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, The
Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial
Liabilities, or SFAS No. 159, which permits entities
to choose to measure many financial instruments, and certain
other items, at fair value. SFAS No. 159 also
establishes presentation and disclosure requirements designed to
facilitate comparisons between entities that choose different
measurement attributes for similar types of assets and
liabilities. SFAS No. 159 applies to reporting periods
beginning after November 15, 2007. We are currently
evaluating the impact, if any, of adopting
SFAS No. 159.
In September 2006, the FASB issued No. 157, Fair Value
Measurement, or SFAS No. 157, which defines fair
value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in
accordance with GAAP and expands disclosures about fair value
measurements. The provisions of SFAS No. 157 are
effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15,
2007. We are currently evaluating the impact, if any, of
adopting SFAS No. 157.
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Item 3.
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Quantitative
and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
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We are exposed to market risks, which arise during the normal
course of business from changes in interest rates and foreign
currency exchange rates. On a selected basis, we use derivative
financial instruments to manage or hedge these risks. All
hedging transactions are authorized and executed pursuant to
written guidelines and procedures.
30
We have adopted SFAS No. 133, Accounting for
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities.
SFAS No. 133, as amended and interpreted, established
accounting and reporting standards for derivative instruments,
including certain derivative instruments embedded in other
contracts, and for hedging activities. All derivatives, whether
designated in hedging relationships or not, are required to be
recorded on the balance sheet at fair value. If the derivative
is designated as a fair-value hedge, the changes in the fair
value of the derivative and the underlying hedged item are
recognized concurrently in earnings. If the derivative is
designated as a cash-flow hedge, changes in the fair value of
the derivative are recorded in other comprehensive income, or
OCI, and are recognized in the statement of operations when the
hedged item affects earnings. SFAS No. 133 defined new
requirements for designation and documentation of hedging
relationships as well as ongoing effectiveness assessments in
order to use hedge accounting. For a derivative that does not
qualify as a hedge, changes in fair value are recognized
concurrently in earnings.
A discussion of our primary market risk exposures and
derivatives is presented below.
Foreign
Exchange Risk
We enter into foreign exchange derivatives in the ordinary
course of business primarily to reduce exposure to currency
fluctuations attributable to inter-company transactions and
foreign denominated revenue. All of these foreign exchange
contracts are designated as free standing derivatives for which
hedge accounting does not apply.
We purchase average rate put options, which give us the right,
but not the obligation, to sell foreign currency at a specified
exchange rate (strike rate). These contracts provide
protection in the event that the foreign currency weakens beyond
the option strike rate. We also enter into various forward extra
contracts (a combination of a foreign forward exchange contract
and an option), which provide protection against adverse market
movement at a strike rate slightly worse than the forward and
participate in favorable currency move up to a predetermined
trigger level. We are only obliged to sell foreign currency at
the strike rate when the spot exchange rate is traded at or
above the trigger rate.
The following table provides information about the details of
our option contracts:
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Average
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Fair
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Foreign Currency
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Coverage
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Strike Price
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Barrier
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Value
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(In millions)
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(In millions)
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Purchase Puts (Company may sell
Euro/buy USD)
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Euro
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$
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63.0
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1.30 - 1.33
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1.39 - 1.40
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$
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(0.6
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)
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Purchase Puts (Company may sell
real/buy USD)
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Brazilian real
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$
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11.5
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2.13 - 2.24
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1.99
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$
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(0.4
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)
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Purchase Puts (Company may sell
won/buy USD)
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Korean won
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$
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13.5
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940.50 - 942.00
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919.25 - 923.00
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$
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0.0
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Foreign exchange forward contracts are used to hedge advances
between subsidiaries. The objective of these contracts is to
neutralize the impact of foreign currency movements on the
subsidiarys operating results. We also purchased ratio
forward contract which protect against adverse market movement
at a rate better than the current forward. The fair value of
forward contracts is based on third-party bank quotes.
31
The following table provides information about the details of
our forward contracts:
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Contract
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Original Notional
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Contract Value
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Fair Value
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Foreign Currency
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Rate
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Amount
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March 31, 2007
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March 31, 2007
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At March 31,
2007
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Buy USD sell YEN
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112.25
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$
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2.3
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$
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2.3
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$
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Buy USD sell YEN
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113.45
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$
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4.5
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$
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4.6
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$
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0.1
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Sell Euro buy USD
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1.32
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$
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72.1
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$
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71.1
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$
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(1.0
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)
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Buy BRL sell USD
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2.08
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$
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5.3
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$
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5.3
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$
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Buy DKK sell Euro
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7.45
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$
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1.4
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$
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1.4
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$
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Buy Euro sell GBP
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0.68
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$
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0.9
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$
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0.9
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$
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Sell MXN buy Euro
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14.81
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$
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50.5
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$
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50.3
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$
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(0.2
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)
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Buy Euro sell SEK
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9.30
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$
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0.8
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$
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0.8
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|
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$
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Buy Euro sell USD
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1.34
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$
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46.9
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|
|
$
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46.9
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|
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$
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Buy GBP sell Euro
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0.68
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$
|
3.5
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|
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$
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3.5
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$
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Buy INR sell USD
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43.24
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|
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$
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6.5
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|
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$
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6.4
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$
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(0.1
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)
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Buy KRW sell USD
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940.05
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$
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4.2
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$
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4.2
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$
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Buy MYR sell Euro
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4.61
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$
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0.7
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$
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0.7
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$
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Buy NOK sell Euro
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8.10
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$
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2.0
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$
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2.0
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$
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Buy NZD sell Euro
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1.88
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|
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$
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0.7
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$
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0.7
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$
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Buy PLN sell Euro
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3.88
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$
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1.4
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$
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1.4
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$
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Buy SEK sell Euro
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9.35
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|
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$
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2.6
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$
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2.6
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$
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Buy TWD sell Euro
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43.62
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|
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$
|
4.9
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|
$
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4.9
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$
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Sell Euro buy USD
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1.34
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$
|
27.6
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$
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27.5
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$
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(0.1
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)
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Buy USD sell TRY
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1.41
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$
|
2.5
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$
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2.5
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$
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Buy YEN sell Euro
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155.50
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$
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17.7
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$
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17.5
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$
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(0.2
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)
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Buy YEN sell USD
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116.41
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$
|
9.3
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$
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9.2
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|
$
|
(0.1
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)
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Total forward contracts
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$
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268.3
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$
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266.7
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$
|
(1.6
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)
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All our foreign subsidiaries, excluding those operating in
hyper-inflationary environments, designate their local
currencies as their functional currency. At March 31, 2007,
the total amount of our foreign subsidiary cash was
$162.2 million, of which $4.4 million was invested in
U.S. dollars.
Interest
Rate Risk
As of March 31, 2007, the aggregate annual maturities of
the term loan obtained in July 2006 were:
2007-$1.1 million; 2008-$1.5 million;
2009-$1.5 million; 2010-$1.5 million;
2011-$1.5 million; and $142.4 million thereafter. The
fair value of this loan approximates its carrying value of
$149.5 million as of March 31, 2007. The term loan
bears a variable interest rate. On March 31, 2007, the
average interest rate was 6.82%.
On July 21, 2006, the interest rate swap agreement
associated with the $225.0 million Credit Facility,
originally entered into on February 21, 2005, was
terminated due to our debt refinancing and interest income of
$0.8 million was recorded in our consolidated statements of
income for the quarter ended September 30, 2006. Under the
new credit facility (see note 4), we are obligated to enter
into an interest rate hedge for up to 25% of the aggregate
principal amount of new term loan for a minimum of three years.
On August 23, 2006, we entered into a new interest rate
swap agreement. This agreement provides for us to pay interest
for a three-year period at a fixed rate of 5.26% on the initial
notional principal amount of $180.0 million while receiving
interest for the same period at the LIBOR on the same notional
principal amount. The swap has been designated as a cash flow
hedge against the variability in LIBOR on the new term loan at
LIBOR plus 1.50%, thereby fixing our effective rate on the
notional principal amounts at 6.76%. At March 31, 2007, the
notional principal amount was reduced to $130.0 million. As
of
32
March 31, 2007, we recorded the interest rate swap as a
liability at fair value of $0.6 million with the offsetting
amount recorded in other comprehensive income.
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Item 4.
|
Controls
And Procedures
|
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and
Procedures. Our management, including our Chief
Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the
effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such
term is defined in
Rules 13a-15(e)
and
15d-15(e)
under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the
Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this
report. Based on such evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer
and our Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our
disclosure controls and procedures are effective as of
March 31, 2007.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial
Reporting. There were no changes in our internal
control over financial reporting (as defined in
Rules 13a-15(f)
and 15d-(f)
under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the last fiscal
quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely
to materially affect, our internal control over financial
reporting.
FORWARD
LOOKING STATEMENTS
This document contains forward-looking statements
within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of
1933, as amended and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, as amended. All statements other than statements of
historical fact are forward-looking statements for
purposes of federal and state securities laws, including any
projections of earnings, revenue or other financial items; any
statements of the plans, strategies and objectives of management
for future operations; any statements concerning proposed new
services or developments; any statements regarding future
economic conditions or performance; any statements of belief;
and any statements of assumptions underlying any of the
foregoing. Forward-looking statements may include the words
may, will, estimate,
intend, continue, believe,
expect or anticipate and any other
similar words.
Although we believe that the expectations reflected in any of
our forward-looking statements are reasonable, actual results
could differ materially from those projected or assumed in any
of our forward-looking statements. Our future financial
condition and results of operations, as well as any
forward-looking statements, are subject to change and to
inherent risks and uncertainties, such as those disclosed or
incorporated by reference to our filings with the Securities and
Exchange Commission. Important factors that could cause our
actual results, performance and achievements, or industry
results to differ materially from estimates or projections
contained in our forward-looking statements include, among
others, the following:
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our relationship with, and our ability to influence the actions
of, our distributors;
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|
|
|
adverse publicity associated with our products or network
marketing organization;
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uncertainties relating to interpretation and enforcement of
recently enacted legislation in China governing direct selling;
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risk of our inability to obtain the necessary licenses to expand
our direct selling business in China;
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adverse changes in the Chinese economy, Chinese legal system or
Chinese governmental policies;
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risk of improper action by our employees or international
distributors in violation of applicable law;
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|
|
changing consumer preferences and demands;
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|
loss or departure of any member of our senior management team
which could negatively impact our distributor relations and
operating results;
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|
the competitive nature of our business;
|
|
|
|
regulatory matters governing our products, including potential
governmental or regulatory actions concerning the safety or
efficacy of our products, and network marketing program
including the direct selling market in which we operate;
|
33
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|
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|
risks associated with operating internationally, including
foreign exchange risks;
|
|
|
|
our dependence on increased penetration of existing markets;
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|
|
|
contractual limitations on our ability to expand our business;
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|
our reliance on our information technology infrastructure and
outside manufacturers;
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|
the sufficiency of trademarks and other intellectual property
rights;
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|
|
product concentration;
|
|
|
|
our reliance on our management team;
|
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|
|
uncertainties relating to the application of transfer pricing,
duties and similar tax regulations;
|
|
|
|
taxation relating to our distributors;
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|
|
|
product liability claims; and
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|
there can be no assurance that we will purchase any of our
shares in the open markets or otherwise.
|
Additional factors that could cause actual results to differ
materially from our forward-looking statements are set forth in
this Quarterly Report on
Form 10-Q,
including under the heading Risk Factors,
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations and in our Financial
Statements and the related notes.
Forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on
Form 10-Q
speak only as of the date hereof, and forward looking statements
in documents attached are incorporated by reference speak only
as of the date of those documents. We do not undertake any
obligation to update or release any revisions to any
forward-looking statement or to report any events or
circumstances after the date hereof or to reflect the occurrence
of unanticipated events, except as required by law.
PART II.
OTHER INFORMATION
|
|
Item 1.
|
LEGAL
PROCEEDINGS
|
See discussion under Note 5 to the Notes to the
Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 1 of
this report.
Our
failure to establish and maintain distributor relationships for
any reason could negatively impact sales of our products and
harm our financial condition and operating
results.
We distribute our products exclusively through over
1.5 million independent distributors, and we depend upon
them directly for substantially all of our sales. To increase
our revenue, we must increase the number of, or the productivity
of, our distributors. Accordingly, our success depends in
significant part upon our ability to recruit, retain and
motivate a large base of distributors. There is a high rate of
turnover among our distributors, a characteristic of the network
marketing business. The loss of a significant number of
distributors for any reason could negatively impact sales of our
products and could impair our ability to attract new
distributors. In our efforts to attract and retain distributors,
we compete with other network marketing organizations, including
those in the weight management product, dietary and nutritional
supplement and personal care and cosmetic product industries.
Our operating results could be harmed if our existing and new
business opportunities and products do not generate sufficient
interest to retain existing distributors and attract new
distributors.
In light of the high
year-over-year
rate of turnover in our distributor base, we have our
supervisors re-qualify annually in order to help us maintain a
more accurate count of their numbers. For the latest twelve
month re-qualification period ending January 2007, 42.5% of our
supervisors re-qualified. Distributors who purchase our product
for personal consumption or for short-term income goals may stay
with us for several months to one year.
34
Supervisors who have committed time and effort to build a sales
organization will generally stay for longer periods.
Distributors have highly variable levels of training, skills and
capabilities. The turnover rate of our distributors, and our
operating results, can be adversely impacted if we, and our
senior distributor leadership, do not provide the necessary
mentoring, training and business support tools for new
distributors to become successful sales people in a short period
of time.
We estimate that, of our over 1.5 million independent
distributors, we had approximately 298,000 supervisors after
re-qualification in February 2007. These supervisors, together
with their downline sales organizations, account for
substantially all of our revenues. Our distributors, including
our supervisors, may voluntarily terminate their distributor
agreements with us at any time. The loss of a group of leading
supervisors, together with their downline sales organizations,
or the loss of a significant number of distributors for any
reason, could negatively impact sales of our products, impair
our ability to attract new distributors and harm our financial
condition and operating results.
Since
we cannot exert the same level of influence or control over our
independent distributors as we could were they our own
employees, our distributors could fail to comply with our
distributor policies and procedures, which could result in
claims against us that could harm our financial condition and
operating results.
Our distributors are independent contractors and, accordingly,
we are not in a position to directly provide the same direction,
motivation and oversight as we would if distributors were our
own employees. As a result, there can be no assurance that our
distributors will participate in our marketing strategies or
plans, accept our introduction of new products, or comply with
our distributor policies and procedures.
Extensive federal, state and local laws regulate our business,
our products and our network marketing program. Because we have
expanded into foreign countries, our policies and procedures for
our independent distributors differ due to the different legal
requirements of each country in which we do business. While we
have implemented distributor policies and procedures designed to
govern distributor conduct and to protect the goodwill
associated with Herbalife trademarks and tradenames, it can be
difficult to enforce these policies and procedures because of
the large number of distributors and their independent status.
Violations by our independent distributors of applicable law or
of our policies and procedures in dealing with customers could
reflect negatively on our products and operations and harm our
business reputation. In addition, it is possible that a court
could hold us civilly or criminally accountable based on
vicarious liability because of the actions of our independent
distributors. If any of these events occur, the value of an
investment in our common shares could be impaired. For example,
in Mey v. Herbalife International, et al., the
plaintiff seeks to hold the Company vicariously liable for
actions of certain of its distributors, each of whom is an
independent contractor. While the Company vigorously denies such
distributors were acting as agents of the Company, and although
the court specifically did not rule on the question of vicarious
liability, on April 21, 2006 it did grant the
plaintiffs motion to certify the case as a class action.
We believe that we have meritorious defenses and will continue
to vigorously defend this lawsuit.
Adverse
publicity associated with our products, ingredients or network
marketing program, or those of similar companies, could harm our
financial condition and operating results.
The size of our distribution force and the results of our
operations may be significantly affected by the publics
perception of our Company and similar companies. This perception
is dependent upon opinions concerning:
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the safety and quality of our products and ingredients;
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the safety and quality of similar products and ingredients
distributed by other companies;
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our distributors;
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our network marketing program; and
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the direct selling business generally.
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Adverse publicity concerning any actual or purported failure of
our Company or our independent distributors to comply with
applicable laws and regulations regarding product claims and
advertising, good manufacturing practices, the regulation of our
network marketing program, the licensing of our products for
sale in our target
35
markets or other aspects of our business, whether or not
resulting in enforcement actions or the imposition of penalties,
could have an adverse effect on the goodwill of our Company and
could negatively affect our ability to attract, motivate and
retain distributors, which would negatively impact our ability
to generate revenue. We cannot ensure that all distributors will
comply with applicable legal requirements relating to the
advertising, labeling, licensing or distribution of our products.
In addition, our distributors and consumers
perception of the safety and quality of our products and
ingredients as well as similar products and ingredients
distributed by other companies can be significantly influenced
by national media attention, publicized scientific research or
findings, widespread product liability claims and other
publicity concerning our products or ingredients or similar
products and ingredients distributed by other companies. Adverse
publicity, whether or not accurate or resulting from
consumers use or misuse of our products, that associates
consumption of our products or ingredients or any similar
products or ingredients with illness or other adverse effects,
questions the benefits of our or similar products or claims that
any such products are ineffective, inappropriately labeled or
have inaccurate instructions as to their use, could negatively
impact our reputation or the market demand for our products.
Adverse publicity relating to us, our products or our
operations, including our network marketing program or the
attractiveness or viability of the financial opportunities
provided thereby, has had, and could again have, a negative
effect on our ability to attract, motivate and retain
distributors. In the mid-1980s, our products and marketing
program became the subject of regulatory scrutiny in the United
States, resulting in large part from claims and representations
made about our products by our independent distributors,
including impermissible therapeutic claims. The resulting
adverse publicity caused a rapid, substantial loss of
distributors in the United States and a corresponding reduction
in sales beginning in 1985. We expect that negative publicity
will, from time to time, continue to negatively impact our
business in particular markets.
Our
failure to appropriately respond to changing consumer
preferences and demand for new products or product enhancements
could significantly harm our distributor and customer
relationships and product sales and harm our financial condition
and operating results.
Our business is subject to changing consumer trends and
preferences, especially with respect to weight management
products. Our continued success depends in part on our ability
to anticipate and respond to these changes, and we may not
respond in a timely or commercially appropriate manner to such
changes. Furthermore, the nutritional supplement industry is
characterized by rapid and frequent changes in demand for
products and new product introductions and enhancements. Our
failure to accurately predict these trends could negatively
impact consumer opinion of our products, which in turn could
harm our customer and distributor relationships and cause the
loss of sales. The success of our new product offerings and
enhancements depends upon a number of factors, including our
ability to:
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accurately anticipate customer needs;
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innovate and develop new products or product enhancements that
meet these needs;
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successfully commercialize new products or product enhancements
in a timely manner;
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price our products competitively;
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manufacture and deliver our products in sufficient volumes and
in a timely manner; and
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differentiate our product offerings from those of our
competitors.
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If we do not introduce new products or make enhancements to meet
the changing needs of our customers in a timely manner, some of
our products could be rendered obsolete, which could negatively
impact our revenues, financial condition and operating results.
36
Due to
the high level of competition in our industry, we might fail to
retain our customers and distributors, which would harm our
financial condition and operating results.
The business of marketing weight management and nutrition
products is highly competitive and sensitive to the introduction
of new products or weight management plans, including various
prescription drugs, which may rapidly capture a significant
share of the market. These market segments include numerous
manufacturers, distributors, marketers, retailers and physicians
that actively compete for the business of consumers both in the
United States and abroad. In addition, we anticipate that we
will be subject to increasing competition in the future from
sellers that utilize electronic commerce. Some of these
competitors have longer operating histories, significantly
greater financial, technical, product development, marketing and
sales resources, greater name recognition, larger established
customer bases and better-developed distribution channels than
we do. Our present or future competitors may be able to develop
products that are comparable or superior to those we offer,
adapt more quickly than we do to new technologies, evolving
industry trends and standards or customer requirements, or
devote greater resources to the development, promotion and sale
of their products than we do. For example, if our competitors
develop other diet or weight loss treatments that prove to be
more effective than our products, demand for our products could
be reduced. Accordingly, we may not be able to compete
effectively in our markets and competition may intensify.
We are also subject to significant competition for the
recruitment of distributors from other network marketing
organizations, including those that market weight management
products, dietary and nutritional supplements and personal care
products as well as other types of products. We compete for
global customers and distributors with regard to weight
management, nutritional supplement and personal care products.
Our competitors include both direct selling companies such as
NuSkin Enterprises, Natures Sunshine, Alticor/Amway,
Melaleuca, Avon Products, Oriflame and Mary Kay, as well as
retail establishments such as Weight Watchers, Jenny Craig,
General Nutrition Centers, Wal-Mart and retail pharmacies. In
addition, because the industry in which we operate is not
particularly capital intensive or otherwise subject to high
barriers to entry, it is relatively easy for new competitors to
emerge who will compete with us for our distributors and
customers. In addition, the fact that our distributors may
easily enter and exit our network marketing program contributes
to the level of competition that we face. For example, a
distributor can enter or exit our network marketing system with
relative ease at any time without facing a significant
investment or loss of capital because (1) we have a low
upfront financial cost (generally $50 to $75) to become a
Herbalife distributor, (2) we do not require any specific
amount of time to work as a distributor, (3) we do not
insist on any special training to be a distributor and
(4) we do not prohibit a new distributor from working with
another company. Our ability to remain competitive therefore
depends, in significant part, on our success in recruiting and
retaining distributors through an attractive compensation plan,
the maintenance of an attractive product portfolio and other
incentives. We cannot ensure that our programs for recruitment
and retention of distributors will be successful, and if they
are not, our financial condition and operating results would be
harmed.
We are
affected by extensive laws, governmental regulations,
administrative determinations, court decisions and similar
constraints both domestically and abroad, and our failure or our
distributors failure to comply with these restraints could
lead to the imposition of significant penalties or claims, which
could harm our financial condition and operating
results.
In both domestic and foreign markets, the formulation,
manufacturing, packaging, labeling, distribution, importation,
exportation, licensing, sale and storage of our products are
affected by extensive laws, governmental regulations,
administrative determinations, court decisions and similar
constraints. Such laws, regulations and other constraints may
exist at the federal, state or local levels in the United States
and at all levels of government in foreign jurisdictions. There
can be no assurance that we or our distributors are in
compliance with all of these regulations. Our failure or our
distributors failure to comply with these regulations or
new regulations could lead to the imposition of significant
penalties or claims and could negatively impact our business. In
addition, the adoption of new regulations or changes in the
interpretations of existing regulations may result in
significant compliance costs or discontinuation of product sales
and may negatively impact the marketing of our products,
resulting in significant loss of sales revenues.
On April 12, 2006 the Federal Trade Commission, or the FTC,
issued a notice of proposed rulemaking which, if implemented,
will regulate all sellers of business opportunities
in the United States. The proposed rule would,
37
among other things, require all sellers of business
opportunities, which would likely include the Company, to
(i) implement a seven day waiting period before entering
into an agreement with a prospective business opportunity
purchaser, and (ii) provide all prospective business
opportunity purchasers with substantial information in writing
at the beginning of the waiting period regarding the business
opportunity, including information relating to: representations
made as to the earnings experience of other business opportunity
purchasers, the names and telephone numbers of recent purchasers
in their geographic area, cancellation or refund policies and
requests within the prior two years, certain legal actions
against the company, its affiliated companies and company
officers, directors, sales managers and certain others. The
Company, other direct selling companies, the Direct Selling
Association, or the DSA, and other interested parties have filed
over 17,000 comments with the FTC that are publicly available
regarding the proposed rule through the FTCs website at
http://www.ftc.gov/os/comments/businessopprule/index.htm. The
Company, the DSA, other direct selling companies, and other
interested parties also filed rebuttal comments with
the FTC in September, 2006. Based on information currently
available, we anticipate that the final rule may require several
years to become final and effective, and may differ
substantially from the rule as originally proposed. Nevertheless
the proposed rule, if implemented in its original form, would
negatively impact our U.S. business.
Governmental regulations in countries where we plan to commence
or expand operations may prevent or delay entry into those
markets. In addition, our ability to sustain satisfactory levels
of sales in our markets is dependent in significant part on our
ability to introduce additional products into such markets.
However, governmental regulations in our markets, both domestic
and international, can delay or prevent the introduction, or
require the reformulation or withdrawal, of certain of our
products. For example, during the third quarter of 1995, we
received inquiries from certain governmental agencies within
Germany and Portugal regarding our product,
Thermojetics®
Instant Herbal Beverage, relating to the caffeine content
of the product and the status of the product as an instant
tea, which was disfavored by regulators, versus a
beverage. Although we initially suspended the
product sale in Germany and Portugal at the request of the
regulators, we successfully reintroduced it once regulatory
issues were satisfactorily resolved. Any such regulatory action,
whether or not it results in a final determination adverse to
us, could create negative publicity, with detrimental effects on
the motivation and recruitment of distributors and,
consequently, on sales.
On March 7, 2003, the U.S. Food and Drug
Administration, or the FDA, proposed a new regulation to require
current Good Manufacturing Practices, or cGMPs, affecting the
manufacture, packing, and holding of dietary supplements. The
proposed regulation would establish standards to ensure that
dietary supplements and dietary ingredients are not adulterated
with contaminants or impurities, and are labeled to accurately
reflect the active ingredients and other ingredients in the
products. It also includes proposed requirements for designing
and constructing physical plants, establishing quality control
procedures, and testing manufactured dietary ingredients and
dietary supplements, as well as proposed requirements for
maintaining records and for handling consumer complaints related
to cGMPs. We are evaluating this proposal with respect to its
potential impact upon the various contract manufacturers that we
use to manufacture our products, some of whom might not meet the
new standards. It is important to note that the proposed
regulation, in an effort to limit disruption, includes a
three-year phase-in for small businesses of any final regulation
that is issued. At such time as the FDA issues the final cGMP
regulation we expect that some of our smaller contract
manufacturers will not be fully impacted by the proposed
regulation for up to three years. However, the proposed
regulation can be expected to result in additional costs and
possibly the need to seek alternate suppliers.
Our
network marketing program could be found to be not in compliance
with current or newly adopted laws or regulations in one or more
markets, which could prevent us from conducting our business in
these markets and harm our financial condition and operating
results.
Our network marketing program is subject to a number of federal
and state regulations administered by the Federal Trade
Commission and various state agencies in the United States as
well as regulations on direct selling in foreign markets
administered by foreign agencies. We are subject to the risk
that, in one or more markets, our network marketing program
could be found not to be in compliance with applicable law or
regulations. Regulations applicable to network marketing
organizations generally are directed at preventing fraudulent or
deceptive schemes, often referred to as pyramid or
chain sales schemes, by ensuring that product sales
ultimately
38
are made to consumers and that advancement within an
organization is based on sales of the organizations
products rather than investments in the organization or other
non-retail sales-related criteria. The regulatory requirements
concerning network marketing programs do not include
bright line rules and are inherently fact-based, and
thus, even in jurisdictions where we believe that our network
marketing program is in full compliance with applicable laws or
regulations governing network marketing systems, we are subject
to the risk that these laws or regulations or the enforcement or
interpretation of these laws and regulations by governmental
agencies or courts can change. The failure of our network
marketing program to comply with current or newly adopted
regulations could negatively impact our business in a particular
market or in general.
We are also subject to the risk of private party challenges to
the legality of our network marketing program. The multi-level
marketing programs of other companies have been successfully
challenged in the past, and in a current lawsuit, allegations
have been made challenging the legality of our network marketing
program in Belgium. Test Ankoop-Test Achat, a Belgian consumer
protection organization, sued Herbalife International Belgium,
S.V., or HIB, on August 26, 2004, alleging that HIB
violated Article 84 of the Belgian Fair Trade Practices Act
by engaging in pyramid selling, i.e., establishing a
network of professional or non-professional sales people who
hope to make a profit more through the expansion of that network
than through the sale of products to end-consumers. The
plaintiff is seeking a payment of 25,000 (equal to
approximately $33,000 as of March 31, 2007) per
purported violation as well as costs of the trial. For the year
ended December 31, 2006, our net sales in Belgium were
approximately $14.4 million. Currently, the lawsuit is in
the pleading stage. The plaintiffs filed their initial brief on
September 27, 2006. We filed a reply brief on May 9,
2006. There is no date yet for the oral hearings. An adverse
judicial determination with respect to our network marketing
program, or in proceedings not involving us directly but which
challenge the legality of multi-level marketing systems, in
Belgium or in any other market in which we operate, could
negatively impact our business.
A
substantial portion of our business is conducted in foreign
markets, exposing us to the risks of trade or foreign exchange
restrictions, increased tariffs, foreign currency fluctuations
and similar risks associated with foreign
operations.
Approximately 82% of our net sales for the year ended
December 31, 2006, were generated outside the
United States, exposing our business to risks associated
with foreign operations. For example, a foreign government may
impose trade or foreign exchange restrictions or increased
tariffs, which could negatively impact our operations. We are
also exposed to risks associated with foreign currency
fluctuations. For instance, purchases from suppliers are
generally made in U.S. dollars while sales to distributors
are generally made in local currencies. Accordingly,
strengthening of the U.S. dollar versus a foreign currency
could have a negative impact on us. Although we engage in
transactions to protect against risks associated with foreign
currency fluctuations, we cannot be certain any hedging activity
will effectively reduce our exchange rate exposure. Our
operations in some markets also may be adversely affected by
political, economic and social instability in foreign countries.
As we continue to focus on expanding our existing international
operations, these and other risks associated with international
operations may increase, which could harm our financial
condition and operating results.
Our
expansion in China is subject to general, as well as
industry-specific, economic, political and legal developments
and risks in China and requires that we utilize a different
business model from that we use elsewhere in the
world.
Our expansion of operations into China is subject to risks and
uncertainties related to general economic, political and legal
developments in China, among other things. The Chinese
government exercises significant control over the Chinese
economy, including but not limited to controlling capital
investments, allocating resources, setting monetary policy,
controlling foreign exchange and monitoring foreign exchange
rates, implementing and overseeing tax regulations, providing
preferential treatment to certain industry segments or companies
and issuing necessary licenses to conduct business. Accordingly,
any adverse change in the Chinese economy, the Chinese legal
system or Chinese governmental, economic or other policies could
have a material adverse effect on our business in China and our
prospects generally.
In August 2005, China published regulations governing direct
selling (effective December 1, 2005) and prohibiting
pyramid promotional schemes (effective November 1, 2005),
and a number of administrative methods
39
and proclamations were issued in September 2005 and in September
2006. These regulations require us to use a business model
different from that which we offer in other markets. To allow us
to operate under these regulations, we have created and
introduced a model specifically for China. In China, we have
Company-operated retail stores that sell through employed sales
management personnel to customers and preferred customers. We
provide training and certification procedures for sales
personnel in China. We also have non-employee sales
representatives who sell through our retail stores. Our sales
representatives are also permitted by the terms of our direct
selling license to sell away from fixed retail locations in two
cities, Suzhou and Nanjing. These features are not common to the
business model we employ elsewhere in the world, and based on
the direct selling licenses we have received and the terms of
those which we hope to receive in the future to conduct a direct
selling enterprise in China, our business model in China will
continue in some part to incorporate such features. The direct
selling regulations require us to apply for various approvals to
conduct a direct selling enterprise in China. The process for
obtaining the necessary licenses to conduct a direct selling
business is protracted and cumbersome and involves multiple
layers of Chinese governmental authorities and numerous
governmental employees at each layer. While direct selling
licenses are centrally issued, such licenses are generally valid
only in the jurisdictions within which related approvals have
been obtained. Such approvals are generally awarded on local and
provincial bases, and the approval process requires involvement
with multiple ministries at each level. Our participation and
conduct during the approval process is guided not only by
distinct Chinese practices and customs, but is also subject to
applicable laws of China and the other jurisdictions in which we
operate our business, including the U.S., and our internal code
of ethics. There is always a risk that in attempting to comply
with local customs and practices in China during the application
process or otherwise, we will fail to comply with requirements
applicable to us in China itself or in other jurisdictions, and
any such failure to comply with applicable requirements could
prevent us from obtaining the direct selling licenses or related
local or provincial approvals. Furthermore, we rely on certain
key personnel in China to assist us during the approval process,
and the loss of any such key personnel could delay or hinder our
ability to obtain licenses or related approvals. For all of the
above reasons, there can be no assurance that we will obtain
additional direct-selling licenses, or obtain related approvals
to expand into any or all of the localities or provinces in
China that are important to our business. Our inability to
obtain, retain, or renew any or all of the licenses or related
approvals that are required for us to operate in China would
negatively impact our business.
Additionally, although certain regulations have been published
with respect to obtaining such approvals, operating under such
approvals and otherwise conducting business in China, others are
pending, and there is uncertainty regarding the interpretation
and enforcement of Chinese regulations. The regulatory
environment in China is evolving, and officials in the Chinese
government exercise broad discretion in deciding how to
interpret and apply regulations. We cannot be certain that our
business model will continue to be deemed by national or local
Chinese regulatory authorities to be compliant with any such
regulations. In the past, the Chinese government has rigorously
monitored the direct selling market in China, and has taken
serious action against companies that the government believed
were engaging in activities they regarded to be in violation of
applicable law, including shutting down their businesses and
imposing substantial fines. As a result, there can be no
guarantee that the Chinese governments current or future
interpretation and application of the existing and new
regulations will not negatively impact our business in China,
result in regulatory investigations or lead to fines or
penalties.
Chinese regulations prevent persons who are not Chinese
nationals from engaging in direct selling in China. We cannot
guarantee that any of our distributors living outside of China
or any of our independent sales representatives or employed
sales management personnel in China have not engaged or will not
engage in activities that violate our policies in this market,
or that violate Chinese law or other applicable law, and
therefore result in regulatory action and adverse publicity.
As we expand operations in China, we anticipate that certain
distributors will switch their focus from their home markets to
that of China. As a result, we may see reduced distributor focus
in Hong Kong, Taiwan and possibly other of our markets as
Chinese nationals that are distributors shift their attention to
China, and a resultant reduction in distributor growth,
leadership and revenue in these other countries.
If our operations in China are successful, we may experience
rapid growth in China, and there can be no assurances that we
will be able to successfully manage rapid expansion of
manufacturing operations and a rapidly growing and dynamic sales
force. There also can be no assurances that we will not
experience difficulties in dealing with or taking employment
related actions (such as hiring, terminations and salary
administration, including social
40
benefit payments) with respect to our employed sales
representatives, particularly given the highly regulated nature
of the employment relationship in China. If we are unable to
effectively manage such growth and expansion of our retail
stores, manufacturing operations or our employees, our
government relations may be compromised and our operations in
China may be harmed.
Our China business model, particularly with regard to sales
management responsibilities and remuneration, differs from our
traditional business model. There is a risk that such changes
and transitions may not be understood by our distributors or
employees, may be viewed negatively by our distributors or
employees, or may not be correctly utilized by our distributors
or employees. If that is the case, our business could be
negatively impacted.
If we
fail to further penetrate existing markets or successfully
expand our business into new markets, then the growth in sales
of our products, along with our operating results, could be
negatively impacted.
The success of our business is to a large extent contingent on
our ability to continue to grow by entering new markets and
further penetrating existing markets. Our ability to further
penetrate existing markets in which we compete or to
successfully expand our business into additional countries in
Eastern Europe, Southeast Asia, South America or elsewhere, to
the extent we believe that we have identified attractive
geographic expansion opportunities in the future, is subject to
numerous factors, many of which are out of our control.
In addition, government regulations in both our domestic and
international markets can delay or prevent the introduction, or
require the reformulation or withdrawal, of some of our
products, which could negatively impact our business, financial
condition and results of operations. Also, our ability to
increase market penetration in certain countries may be limited
by the finite number of persons in a given country inclined to
pursue a direct selling business opportunity. Moreover, our
growth will depend upon improved training and other activities
that enhance distributor retention in our markets. While we have
recently experienced significant growth in certain of our
international markets, such as Mexico, we cannot assure you that
such growth levels will continue in the immediate or long term
future. Furthermore, our efforts to support growth in such
international markets could be hampered to the extent that our
infrastructure in such markets is deficient when compared to our
more developed markets, such as the U.S. Therefore, we
cannot assure you that our general efforts to increase our
market penetration and distributor retention in existing markets
will be successful. Thus, if we are unable to continue to expand
into new markets or further penetrate existing markets, our
operating results would suffer and the market value of our
common shares could decline.
Our
contractual obligation to sell our products only through our
Herbalife distributor network and to refrain from changing
certain aspects of our marketing plan may limit our
growth.
In connection with the going private transaction of our
predecessor company, we entered into an agreement with our
distributors that provided assurances that the change in
ownership of our Company would not negatively affect certain
aspects of their business. Through this agreement, we have
committed to our distributors that we will not sell Herbalife
products through any distribution channel other than our network
of independent Herbalife distributors. Thus, we are
contractually prohibited from expanding our business by selling
Herbalife products through other distribution channels that may
be available to our competitors, such as over the internet,
through wholesale sales, by establishing retail stores or
through mail order systems. Since this is an ongoing or
open-ended commitment, there can be no assurance that we will be
able to take advantage of innovative new distribution channels
that are developed in the future.
In addition, our agreement with our distributors provides that
we will not change certain aspects of our marketing plan without
the consent of a specified percentage of our distributors. For
example, our agreement with our distributors provides that we
may increase, but not decrease, the discount percentages
available to our distributors for the purchase of products or
the applicable royalty override percentages, including
roll-ups,
and production and other bonus percentages available to our
distributors at various qualification levels within our
distributor hierarchy. We may not modify the eligibility or
qualification criteria for these discounts, royalty overrides
and production and other bonuses unless we do so in a manner to
make eligibility
and/or
qualification easier than under the applicable criteria in
effect as of the date of the agreement. Our agreement with our
distributors
41
further provides that we may not vary the criteria for
qualification for each distributor tier within our distributor
hierarchy, unless we do so in such a way so as to make
qualification easier.
Although we reserved the right to make these changes to our
marketing plan without the consent of our distributors in the
event that changes are required by applicable law or are
necessary in our reasonable business judgment to account for
specific local market or currency conditions to achieve a
reasonable profit on operations, there can be no assurance that
our agreement with our distributors will not restrict our
ability to adapt our marketing plan to the evolving requirements
of the markets in which we operate. As a result, our growth, and
the potential of growth in the value of your investment in our
common shares, may be limited.
We
depend on the integrity and reliability of our information
technology infrastructure, and any related inadequacies may
result in substantial interruptions to our
business.
Our ability to timely provide products to our distributors and
their customers, and services to our distributors, depends on
the integrity of our information technology system, which we are
in the process of upgrading, including the reliability of
software and services supplied by our vendors. We are
implementing an Oracle enterprise-wide technology solution, a
scalable and stable open architecture platform, to enhance our
and our distributors efficiency and productivity. In
addition, we are upgrading our internet-based marketing and
distributor services platform, MyHerbalife.com.
The most important aspect of our information technology
infrastructure is the system through which we record and track
distributor sales, volume points, royalty overrides, bonuses and
other incentives. We have encountered, and may encounter in the
future, errors in our software or our enterprise network, or
inadequacies in the software and services supplied by our
vendors, although to date none of these errors or inadequacies
has had a meaningful negative impact on our business. Any such
errors or inadequacies that we may encounter in the future may
result in substantial interruptions to our services and may
damage our relationships with, or cause us to lose, our
distributors if the errors or inadequacies impair our ability to
track sales and pay royalty overrides, bonuses and other
incentives, which would harm our financial condition and
operating results. Such errors may be expensive or difficult to
correct in a timely manner, and we may have little or no control
over whether any inadequacies in software or services supplied
to us by third parties are corrected, if at all.
Since
we rely on independent third parties for the manufacture and
supply of our products, if these third parties fail to reliably
supply products to us at required levels of quality, then our
financial condition and operating results would be
harmed.
All of our products are manufactured by outside companies,
except for a small amount of products manufactured in our own
manufacturing facility in China. We cannot assure you that our
outside manufacturers will continue to reliably supply products
to us at the levels of quality, or the quantities, we require,
especially after the FDA imposes cGMP regulations.
Our supply contracts generally have a two-year term. Except for
force majeure events, such as natural disasters and other acts
of God, and non-performance by Herbalife, our manufacturers
generally cannot unilaterally terminate these contracts. These
contracts can generally be extended by us at the end of the
relevant time period and we have exercised this right in the
past. Globally we have over 40 suppliers of our products. For
our major products, we have both primary and secondary
suppliers. Our major suppliers include Natures Bounty for
protein powders, Fine Foods (Italy) for protein powders and
nutritional supplements, PharmaChem Labs for teas and
Niteworkstm
and JB Labs for fiber. In the event any of our third-party
manufacturers were to become unable or unwilling to continue to
provide us with products in required volumes and at suitable
quality levels, we would be required to identify and obtain
acceptable replacement manufacturing sources. There is no
assurance that we would be able to obtain alternative
manufacturing sources on a timely basis. An extended
interruption in the supply of products would result in the loss
of sales. In addition, any actual or perceived degradation of
product quality as a result of reliance on third party
manufacturers may have an adverse effect on sales or result in
increased product returns and buybacks.
42
If we
fail to protect our trademarks and tradenames, then our ability
to compete could be negatively affected, which would harm our
financial condition and operating results.
The market for our products depends to a significant extent upon
the goodwill associated with our trademark and tradenames. We
own, or have licenses to use, the material trademark and trade
name rights used in connection with the packaging, marketing and
distribution of our products in the markets where those products
are sold. Therefore, trademark and trade name protection is
important to our business. Although most of our trademarks are
registered in the United States and in certain foreign countries
in which we operate, we may not be successful in asserting
trademark or trade name protection. In addition, the laws of
certain foreign countries may not protect our intellectual
property rights to the same extent as the laws of the United
States. The loss or infringement of our trademarks or tradenames
could impair the goodwill associated with our brands and harm
our reputation, which would harm our financial condition and
operating results.
Unlike in most of the other markets in which we operate, limited
protection of intellectual property is available under Chinese
law. Accordingly, we face an increased risk in China that
unauthorized parties may attempt to copy or otherwise obtain or
use our trademarks, copyrights, product formulations or other
intellectual property. Further, since Chinese commercial law is
relatively undeveloped, we may have limited legal recourse in
the event we encounter significant difficulties with
intellectual property theft or infringement. As a result, we
cannot assure you that we will be able to adequately protect our
product formulations or other intellectual property.
If our
distributors fail to comply with labeling laws, then our
financial condition and operating results would be
harmed.
Although the physical labeling of our products is not within the
control of our independent distributors, our distributors must
nevertheless advertise our products in compliance with the
extensive regulations that exist in certain jurisdictions, such
as the United States, which considers product advertising to be
labeling for regulatory purposes.
Our products are sold principally as foods, dietary supplements
and cosmetics and are subject to rigorous FDA and related legal
regimens limiting the types of therapeutic claims that can be
made for our products. The treatment or cure of disease, for
example, is not a permitted claim for these products. While we
train and attempt to monitor our distributors marketing
materials, we cannot ensure that all such materials comply with
bans on therapeutic claims. If our distributors fail to comply
with these restrictions, then we and our distributors could be
subjected to claims, financial penalties, mandatory product
recalls or relabeling requirements, which could harm our
financial condition and operating results. Although we expect
that our responsibility for the actions of our independent
distributors in such an instance would be dependent on a
determination that we either controlled or condoned a
noncompliant advertising practice, there can be no assurance
that we could not be held vicariously responsible for the
actions of our independent distributors.
If our
intellectual property is not adequate to provide us with a
competitive advantage or to prevent competitors from replicating
our products, or if we infringe the intellectual property rights
of others, then our financial condition and operating results
would be harmed.
Our future success and ability to compete depend upon our
ability to timely produce innovative products and product
enhancements that motivate our distributors and customers, which
we attempt to protect under a combination of copyright,
trademark and trade secret laws, confidentiality procedures and
contractual provisions. However, our products are generally not
patented domestically or abroad, and the legal protections
afforded by our common law and contractual proprietary rights in
our products provide only limited protection and may be
time-consuming and expensive to enforce
and/or
maintain. Further, despite our efforts, we may be unable to
prevent third parties from infringing upon or misappropriating
our proprietary rights or from independently developing
non-infringing products that are competitive with, equivalent to
and/or
superior to our products.
Monitoring infringement
and/or
misappropriation of intellectual property can be difficult and
expensive, and we may not be able to detect any infringement or
misappropriation of our proprietary rights. Even if we do detect
infringement or misappropriation of our proprietary rights,
litigation to enforce these rights could cause us to divert
43
financial and other resources away from our business operations.
Further, the laws of some foreign countries do not protect our
proprietary rights to the same extent as do the laws of the
United States.
Additionally, third parties may claim that products we have
independently developed infringe upon their intellectual
property rights. For example, in a recently settled lawsuit
Unither Pharma, Inc. and others had alleged that sales by
Herbalife International of (1) its
Niteworkstm
and Prelox Blue products and (2) its former products
Womans Advantage with DHEA and Optimum Performance
infringed on patents that are licensed to or owned by those
parties. Although we do not believe that we are infringing on
any third party intellectual property rights, there can be no
assurance that one or more of our products will not be found to
infringe upon other third party intellectual property rights in
the future.
Since
one of our products constitutes a significant portion of our
retail sales, significant decreases in consumer demand for this
product or our failure to produce a suitable replacement should
we cease offering it would harm our financial condition and
operating results.
Our Formula 1 meal replacement product constitutes a significant
portion of our sales, accounting for approximately 22.0%, 27.0%
and 28.4% of retail sales for the fiscal years ended
December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively. If consumer
demand for this product decreases significantly or we cease
offering this product without a suitable replacement, then our
financial condition and operating results would be harmed.
If we
lose the services of members of our senior management team, then
our financial condition and operating results would be
harmed.
We depend on the continued services of our Chief Executive
Officer, Michael O. Johnson, and our current senior management
team and the relationships that they have developed with our
senior distributor leadership, especially in light of the high
level of turnover in our former senior management team, and the
resulting need to reestablish good working relationships with
our senior distributor leadership after the death of our founder
in May 2000. Although we have entered into employment agreements
with many members of our senior management team, and do not
believe that any of them are planning to leave or retire in the
near term, we cannot assure you that our senior managers will
remain with us. The loss or departure of any member of our
senior management team could negatively impact our distributor
relations and operating results. If any of these executives do
not remain with us, our business could suffer. The loss of key
personnel, including our regional managers in Mexico and Central
America, Greater China, Brazil, North America, South America and
Southeast Asia, EMEA, and North Asia, could negatively impact
our ability to implement our business strategy, and our
continued success will also be dependent on our ability to
retain existing, and attract additional, qualified personnel to
meet our needs. We currently do not maintain key
person life insurance with respect to our senior
management team.
The
covenants in our existing indebtedness limit our discretion with
respect to certain business matters, which could limit our
ability to pursue certain strategic objectives and in turn harm
our financial condition and operating results.
Our credit facility contains numerous financial and operating
covenants that restrict our and our subsidiaries ability
to, among other things:
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pay dividends, redeem share capital or capital stock and make
other restricted payments and investments;
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incur additional debt or issue preferred shares;
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allow the imposition of dividend or other distribution
restrictions on our subsidiaries;
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create liens on our and our subsidiaries assets;
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engage in transactions with affiliates;
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guarantee other indebtedness; and
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merge, consolidate or sell all or substantially all of our
assets and the assets of our subsidiaries.
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44
In addition, our credit facility requires us to meet certain
financial ratios and financial conditions. Our ability to comply
with these covenants may be affected by events beyond our
control, including prevailing economic, financial and industry
conditions. Failure to comply with these covenants could result
in a default causing all amounts to become due and payable under
our credit facility, which is secured by substantially all of
our assets, which the lenders thereunder could proceed to
foreclose against.
If we
do not comply with transfer pricing, customs duties, and similar
regulations, then we may be subjected to additional taxes,
duties, interest, and penalties in material amounts, which could
harm our financial condition and operating
results.
As a multinational corporation, in many countries including the
United States we are subject to transfer pricing and other tax
regulations designed to ensure that our intercompany
transactions are consummated at prices that have not been
manipulated to produce a desired tax result, that appropriate
levels of income are reported as earned by our United States or
local entities, and that we are taxed appropriately on such
transactions. In addition, our operations are subject to
regulations designed to ensure that appropriate levels of
customs duties are assessed on the importation of our products.
We are currently subject to pending or proposed audits that are
at various levels of review, assessment or appeal in a number of
jurisdictions involving transfer pricing issues, income taxes,
customs duties, value added taxes, withholding taxes, sales and
use and other taxes and related interest and penalties in
material amounts. In some circumstances, additional taxes,
interest and penalties have been assessed and we will be
required to pay the assessments or litigate to reverse the
assessments. We have reserved in the consolidated financial
statements an amount that we believe represents the most likely
outcome of the resolution of these disputes, but if we are
incorrect in our assessment we may have to pay the full amount
asserted. Ultimate resolution of these matters may take several
years, and the outcome is uncertain. If the United States
Internal Revenue Service or the taxing authorities of any other
jurisdiction were to successfully challenge our transfer pricing
practices or our positions regarding the payment of income
taxes, customs duties, value added taxes, withholding taxes,
sales and use, and other taxes, we could become subject to
higher taxes and our earnings would be adversely affected.
We may
be held responsible for certain taxes or assessments relating to
the activities of our distributors, which could harm our
financial condition and operating results.
Our distributors are subject to taxation, and in some instances,
legislation or governmental agencies impose an obligation on us
to collect taxes, such as value added taxes, and to maintain
appropriate records. In addition, we are subject to the risk in
some jurisdictions of being responsible for social security and
similar taxes with respect to our distributors. In the event
that local laws and regulations or the interpretation of local
laws and regulations change to require us to treat our
independent distributors as employees, or that our distributors
are deemed by local regulatory authorities in one or more of the
jurisdictions in which we operate to be our employees rather
than independent contractors under existing laws and
interpretations, we may be held responsible for social security
and related taxes those jurisdictions, plus any related
assessments and penalties, which could harm our financial
condition and operating results.
We may
incur material product liability claims, which could increase
our costs and harm our financial condition and operating
results.
Our products consist of herbs, vitamins and minerals and other
ingredients that are classified as foods or dietary supplements
and are not subject to pre-market regulatory approval in the
United States. Our products could contain contaminated
substances, and some of our products contain innovative
ingredients that do not have long histories of human
consumption. We generally do not conduct or sponsor clinical
studies for our products and previously unknown adverse
reactions resulting from human consumption of these ingredients
could occur. As a marketer of dietary and nutritional
supplements and other products that are ingested by consumers or
applied to their bodies, we have been, and may again be,
subjected to various product liability claims, including that
the products contain contaminants, the products include
inadequate instructions as to their uses, or the products
include inadequate warnings concerning side effects and
interactions with other substances. It is possible that
widespread product liability claims could increase our costs,
and adversely affect our revenues and operating income.
Moreover, liability claims arising from a serious adverse event
may increase our costs through higher insurance
45
premiums and deductibles, and may make it more difficult to
secure adequate insurance coverage in the future. In addition,
our product liability insurance may fail to cover future product
liability claims, thereby requiring us to pay substantial
monetary damages and adversely affecting our business. Finally,
given the higher level of self-insured retentions that we have
accepted under our current product liability insurance policies,
which are as high as approximately $10 million, in certain
cases we may be subject to the full amount of liability
associated with any injuries, which could be substantial.
Several years ago, a number of states restricted the sale of
dietary supplements containing botanical sources of ephedrine
alkaloids and on February 6, 2004 the FDA banned the use of
such ephedrine alkaloids. Until late 2002 we had sold
Thermojetics®
original green herbal tablets,
Thermojetics®
green herbal tablets and
Thermojetics®
gold herbal tablets, all of which contained ephedrine alkaloids.
Accordingly, we run the risk of product liability claims related
to the ingestion of ephedrine alkaloids contained in those
products. Currently, we have been named as a defendant in
product liability lawsuits seeking to link the ingestion of
certain of the aforementioned products to subsequent alleged
medical problems suffered by plaintiffs. Although we believe
that we have meritorious defenses to the allegations contained
in these lawsuits, and are vigorously defending these claims,
there can be no assurance that we will prevail in our defense of
any or all of these matters.
One of
our shareholders exerts significant influence over us and has
the power to significantly influence the approval or rejection
of all shareholder actions and may take actions that conflict
with your interests.
As of April 20, 2007, affiliates of Whitney & Co.,
LLC own approximately 25.9% of the voting power of our share
capital. Whitney & Co., LLC has the power to exert
significant influence over us and the approval or rejection of
any matter on which our shareholders may vote, including the
election of directors, amendment of our memorandum and articles
of association and approval of significant corporate
transactions as well as our management and policies. This
influence over corporate actions may also delay, deter or
prevent transactions that would result in a change of control
not involving Whitney & Co., LLC. Moreover,
Whitney & Co., LLC may have interests that conflict
with yours.
We are
subject to, among other things, requirements regarding the
effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting. In
connection with these requirements, we conduct regular audits of
our business and operations. Our failure to identify or correct
deficiencies and areas of weakness in the course of these audits
could adversely affect our financial condition and results of
operations.
We are required to comply with various corporate governance and
financial reporting requirements under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002, as well as new rules and regulations adopted by the
Securities and Exchange Commission, the Public Company
Accounting Oversight Board and the New York Stock Exchange. In
particular, we are required to include management and auditor
reports on the effectiveness of internal controls over financial
reporting as part of our annual report on
Form 10-K
for the year ended December 31, 2006, pursuant to
Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. We expect to
continue to spend significant amounts of time and money on
compliance with these rules. Our failure to correct any noted
weaknesses in internal controls over financial reporting could
result in the disclosure of material weaknesses which could have
a material adverse effect upon the market value of our stock.
On a regular and on-going basis, we conduct audits through our
internal audit department of various aspects of our business and
operations. These internal audits are conducted to insure
compliance with our policies and to strengthen our operations
and related internal controls. The Audit Committee of our Board
of Directors regularly reviews the results of these internal
audits and, when appropriate, suggests remedial measures and
actions to correct noted deficiencies or strengthen areas of
weakness. There can be no assurance that these internal audits
will uncover all material deficiencies or areas of weakness in
our operations or internal controls. If left undetected and
uncorrected, such deficiencies and weaknesses could have a
material adverse effect on our financial condition and results
of operations.
From time to time, the results of these internal audits may
necessitate that we conduct further investigations into aspects
of our business or operations. At the time of the filing of our
Quarterly Report on
Form 10-Q
for the quarter ended September 30, 2006, one such
investigation was pending. This investigation concerned certain
46
activities related to one of our foreign subsidiaries and
related matters, and involved possible violations of applicable
law. The then pending review of this investigation necessitated
our filing of a request for extension on
Form 12b-25
with the SEC. This investigation has now been completed, and the
Audit Committee of our Board of Directors has adopted, and we
have begun to implement, a remediation plan in response to the
related findings. We believe the results of this investigation
will not have a material adverse effect on our financial
condition or results of operations. In addition, our business
practices and operations may periodically be investigated by one
or more of the many governmental authorities with jurisdiction
over our worldwide operations. In the event that these
investigations produce unfavorable results, we may be subjected
to fines, penalties or loss of licenses or permits needed to
operate in certain jurisdictions, any one of which could have a
material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of
operations.
Holders
of our common shares may face difficulties in protecting their
interests because we are incorporated under Cayman Islands
law.
Our corporate affairs are governed by our amended and restated
memorandum and articles of association, and by the Companies Law
(2004 Revision) and the common law of the Cayman Islands. The
rights of our shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of
our directors under Cayman Islands law are not as clearly
established as under statutes or judicial precedent in existence
in jurisdictions in the United States. Therefore, shareholders
may have more difficulty in protecting their interests in the
face of actions by our management, directors or controlling
shareholders than would shareholders of a corporation
incorporated in a jurisdiction in the United States, due to the
comparatively less developed nature of Cayman Islands law in
this area.
Unlike many jurisdictions in the United States, Cayman Islands
law does not specifically provide for shareholder appraisal
rights on a merger or consolidation of a company. This may make
it more difficult for shareholders to assess the value of any
consideration they may receive in a merger or consolidation or
to require that the offer give shareholders additional
consideration if they believe the consideration offered is
insufficient.
Shareholders of Cayman Islands exempted companies such as
ourselves have no general rights under Cayman Islands law to
inspect corporate records and accounts or to obtain copies of
lists of our shareholders. Our directors have discretion under
our articles of association to determine whether or not, and
under what conditions, our corporate records may be inspected by
our shareholders, but are not obliged to make them available to
our shareholders. This may make it more difficult for you to
obtain the information needed to establish any facts necessary
for a shareholder motion or to solicit proxies from other
shareholders in connection with a proxy contest.
Subject to limited exceptions, under Cayman Islands law, a
minority shareholder may not bring a derivative action against
the board of directors. Maples and Calder, our Cayman Islands
counsel, has informed us that they are not aware of any reported
class action or derivative action having been brought in a
Cayman Islands court.
Provisions
of our articles of association and Cayman Islands corporate law
may impede a takeover or make it more difficult for shareholders
to change the direction or management of the Company, which
could adversely affect the value of our common shares and
provide shareholders with less input into the management of the
Company than they might otherwise have.
Our articles of association permit our board of directors to
issue preference shares from time to time, with such rights and
preferences as they consider appropriate. Our board of directors
could authorize the issuance of preference shares with terms and
conditions and under circumstances that could have an effect of
discouraging a takeover or other transaction.
In addition, our articles of association contain certain other
provisions which could have an effect of discouraging a takeover
or other transaction or preventing or making it more difficult
for shareholders to change the direction or management of our
Company, including a classified board, the inability of
shareholders to act by written consent, a limitation on the
ability of shareholders to call special meetings of shareholders
and advance notice provisions. As a result, our shareholders may
have less input into the management of our Company than they
might otherwise have if these provisions were not included in
our articles of association.
47
Unlike many jurisdictions in the United States, Cayman Islands
law does not provide for mergers as that expression is
understood under corporate law in the United States. However,
Cayman Islands law does have statutory provisions that provide
for the reconstruction and amalgamation of companies, which are
commonly referred to in the Cayman Islands as schemes of
arrangement. The procedural and legal requirements
necessary to consummate these transactions are more rigorous and
take longer to complete than the procedures typically required
to consummate a merger in the United States. Under Cayman
Islands law and practice, a scheme of arrangement in relation to
a solvent Cayman Islands company must be approved at a
shareholders meeting by each class of shareholders, in
each case, by a majority of the number of holders of each class
of a companys shares that are present and voting (either
in person or by proxy) at such a meeting, which holders must
also represent 75% in value of such class issued that are
present and voting (either in person or by proxy) at such
meeting (excluding the shares owned by the parties to the scheme
of arrangement).
The convening of these meetings and the terms of the
amalgamation must also be sanctioned by the Grand Court of the
Cayman Islands. Although there is no requirement to seek the
consent of the creditors of the parties involved in the scheme
of arrangement, the Grand Court typically seeks to ensure that
the creditors have consented to the transfer of their
liabilities to the surviving entity or that the scheme of
arrangement does not otherwise have a material adverse effect on
the creditors interests. Furthermore, the Grand Court will
only approve a scheme of arrangement if it is satisfied that:
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the statutory provisions as to majority vote have been complied
with;
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the shareholders have been fairly represented at the meeting in
question;
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the scheme of arrangement is such as a businessman would
reasonably approve; and
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the scheme or arrangement is not one that would more properly be
sanctioned under some other provision of the Companies Law.
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There
is uncertainty as to shareholders ability to enforce
certain foreign civil liabilities in the Cayman
Islands.
We are incorporated as an exempted company with limited
liability under the laws of the Cayman Islands. A material
portion of our assets are located outside of the United States.
As a result, it may be difficult for our shareholders to enforce
judgments against us or judgments obtained in U.S. courts
predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the federal
securities laws of the United States or any state of the United
States.
We have been advised by our Cayman Islands counsel, Maples and
Calder, that although there is no statutory enforcement in the
Cayman Islands of judgments obtained in the United States, the
courts of the Cayman Islands will based on the
principle that a judgment by a competent foreign court imposes
upon the judgment debtor an obligation to pay the sum for which
judgment has been given recognize and enforce a
foreign judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction if such
judgment is final, for a liquidated sum, not in respect of taxes
or a fine or penalty, is not inconsistent with a Cayman Islands
judgment in respect of the same matters, and was not obtained in
a manner, and is not of a kind, the enforcement of which is
contrary to the public policy of the Cayman Islands. There is
doubt, however, as to whether the Grand Court of the Cayman
Islands will (a) recognize or enforce judgments of
U.S. courts predicated upon the civil liability provisions
of the federal securities laws of the United States or any state
of the United States, or (b) in original actions brought in
the Cayman Islands, impose liabilities predicated upon the civil
liability provisions of the federal securities laws of the
United States or any state of the United States, on the grounds
that such provisions are penal in nature.
The Grand Court of the Cayman Islands may stay proceedings if
concurrent proceedings are being brought elsewhere.
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Item 2.
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UNREGISTERED
SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
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None.
48
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Item 3.
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DEFAULTS
UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
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None.
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Item 4.
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SUBMISSION
OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
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None.
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Item 5.
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OTHER
INFORMATION
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(a) None.
(b) None.
(a) Exhibit Index:
EXHIBIT INDEX
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Exhibit
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Number
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Description
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Reference
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2
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.1
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Agreement and Plan of Merger,
dated April 10, 2002, by and among Herbalife International,
Inc., WH Holdings (Cayman Islands) Ltd. and WH Acquisition
Corp.
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(a)
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3
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.1
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Form of Amended and Restated
Memorandum and Articles of Association of Herbalife Ltd.
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(d)
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4
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.1
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Form of Share Certificate
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(d)
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9
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.1
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Shareholders Agreement dated
as of July 31, 2002, by and among WH Holdings (Cayman
Islands) Ltd., Whitney V, L.P., Whitney Strategic
Partners V, L.P., WH Investments Ltd., CCG Investments
(BVI), L.P., CCG Associates-QP, LLC, CCG Associates-AI, LLC, CCG
Investment Fund-AI, L.P., CCG AV, LLC-Series C, CCG AV,
LLC-Series E, and certain other persons
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(a)
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10
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.1
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Form of Indemnity Agreement
between Herbalife International Inc. and certain officers and
directors of Herbalife International Inc.
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(a)
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10
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.2
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Office lease agreement between
Herbalife International of America Inc. and State Teachers
Retirement System, dated July 11, 1995
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(a)
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10
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.3#
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Herbalife International of
America, Inc.s Senior Executive Deferred Compensation
Plan, effective January 1, 1996, as amended
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(a)
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10
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.4#
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Herbalife International of
America, Inc.s Management Deferred Compensation Plan,
effective January 1, 1996, as amended
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(a)
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10
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.5
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Master Trust Agreement
between Herbalife International of America, Inc. and Imperial
Trust Company, Inc., effective January 1, 1996
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(a)
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10
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.6#
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Herbalife International Inc. 401K
Profit Sharing Plan and Trust, as amended
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(a)
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10
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.7
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Trust Agreement for Herbalife
2001 Executive Retention Plan, effective March 15, 2001
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(a)
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10
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.8#
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Herbalife 2001 Executive Retention
Plan, effective March 15, 2001
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(a)
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10
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.9
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Purchase Agreement, dated as of
June 21, 2002, by and among WH Acquisition Corp., Herbalife
International, Inc., WH Intermediate Holdings Ltd., WH
Luxembourg Holdings SàRL, WH Luxembourg Intermediate
Holdings SàRL, WH Luxembourg CM SàRL and UBS Warburg
LLC
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(a)
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10
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.10
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Registration Rights Agreement,
dated as of June 27, 2002, by and among WH Acquisition
Corp., WH Intermediate Holdings Ltd., WH Luxembourg Holdings
SàRL, WH Luxembourg Intermediate Holdings SàRL, WH
Luxembourg CM SàRL and UBS Warburg LLC
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(a)
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10
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.11
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Notice to Distributors regarding
Amendment to Agreements of Distributorship, dated as of
July 18, 2002 between Herbalife International, Inc. and
each Herbalife Distributor
|
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(a)
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49
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|
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Exhibit
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|
|
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|
Number
|
|
Description
|
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Reference
|
|
|
10
|
.12
|
|
Indemnity Agreement dated as of
July 31, 2002, by and among WH Holdings (Cayman Islands)
Ltd., WH Acquisition Corp., Whitney & Co., LLC,
Whitney V, L.P., Whitney Strategic Partners V, L.P.,
GGC Administration, L.L.C., Golden Gate Private Equity, Inc.,
CCG Investments (BVI), L.P., CCG Associates-AI, LLC, CCG
Investment Fund-AI, LP, CCG AV, LLC-Series C, CCG AV,
LLC-Series C, CCG AV, LLC-Series E, CCG Associates-QP,
LLC and WH Investments Ltd.
|
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(a)
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10
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.13#
|
|
Independent Directors Stock
Option Plan of WH Holdings (Cayman Islands) Ltd.
|
|
(a)
|
|
10
|
.14#
|
|
Employment Agreement dated as of
March 10, 2003 between Carol Hannah and Herbalife
International, Inc. and Herbalife International of America,
Inc.
|
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(a)
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10
|
.15#
|
|
Non-Statutory Stock Option
Agreement, dated as of March 10, 2003 between WH Holdings
(Cayman Islands) Ltd. and Brian Kane
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(a)
|
|
10
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.16#
|
|
Non-Statutory Stock Option
Agreement, dated as of March 10, 2003 between WH Holdings
(Cayman Islands) Ltd. and Carol Hannah
|
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(a)
|
|
10
|
.17#
|
|
WH Holdings (Cayman Islands) Ltd.
Stock Incentive Plan, as restated, dated as of November 5,
2003
|
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(a)
|
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10
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.18#
|
|
Side Letter Agreement dated as of
March 10, 2003 by and among WH Holdings (Cayman Islands)
Ltd., Brian Kane and Carol Hannah and the Shareholders listed
therein
|
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(a)
|
|
10
|
.19#
|
|
Employment Agreement dated as of
April 3, 2003 between Michael O. Johnson and Herbalife
International, Inc. and Herbalife International of America, Inc.
|
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(a)
|
|
10
|
.20#
|
|
Non-Statutory Stock Option
Agreement, dated as of April 3, 2003 between WH Holdings
(Cayman Islands) Ltd. and Michael O. Johnson
|
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(a)
|
|
10
|
.21#
|
|
Side Letter Agreement dated as of
April 3, 2003 by and among WH Holdings (Cayman Islands)
Ltd., Michael O. Johnson and the Shareholders listed therein
|
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(a)
|
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10
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.22#
|
|
Form of Non-Statutory Stock Option
Agreement (Non-Executive Agreement)
|
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(a)
|
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10
|
.23#
|
|
Form of Non-Statutory Stock Option
Agreement (Executive Agreement)
|
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(a)
|
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10
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.24
|
|
Indemnity Agreement, dated as of
February 9, 2004, among WH Capital Corporation and Gregory
Probert
|
|
(a)
|
|
10
|
.25
|
|
Indemnity Agreement, dated as of
February 9, 2004, among WH Capital Corporation and
Brett R. Chapman
|
|
(a)
|
|
10
|
.26
|
|
Stock Subscription Agreement of WH
Capital Corporation, dated as of February 9, 2004, between
WH Capital Corporation and WH Holdings (Cayman Islands) Ltd.
|
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(a)
|
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10
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.27
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|
First Amendment to Amended and
Restated WH Holdings (Cayman Islands) Ltd. Stock Incentive Plan,
dated November 5, 2003
|
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(a)
|
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10
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.28#
|
|
Separation Agreement and General
Release dated May 1, 2004, among Herbalife International,
Inc., Herbalife International of America, Inc. and Carol Hannah
|
|
(a)
|
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10
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.29#
|
|
Consulting Agreement dated
May 1, 2004 among Herbalife International of America, Inc.
and Carol Hannah
|
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(a)
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10
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.30
|
|
Purchase Agreement, dated
March 3, 2004, by and among WH Holdings (Cayman Islands)
Ltd., WH Capital Corporation and UBS Securities LLC
|
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(a)
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10
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.31
|
|
Registration Rights Agreement,
dated as of July 31, 2002, by and among WH Holdings (Cayman
Islands) Ltd., Whitney V, L.P., Whitney Strategic
Partners V, L.P., WH Investments Ltd., CCG Investments
(BVI), L.P., CCG Associates-QP, LLC, CCG Associates-AI, LLC, CCG
Investment Fund-AI, L.P., CCG AV, LLC-Series C and CCG AV,
LLC-Series E.
|
|
(b)
|
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10
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.32
|
|
Share Purchase Agreement, dated as
of July 31, 2002, by and among WH Holdings (Cayman Islands)
Ltd., Whitney Strategic Partners V, L.P., WH Investments
Ltd., Whitney V, L.P., CCG Investments (BVI), L.P., CCG
Associates-QP, LLC, CCG Associates-AI, LLC, CCG Investment
Fund-AI, LP, CCG AV, LLC-Series C and CCG AV,
LLC-Series E.
|
|
(b)
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|
10
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.33
|
|
Form of Indemnification Agreement
between Herbalife Ltd. and the directors and certain officers of
Herbalife Ltd.
|
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(c)
|
50
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exhibit
|
|
|
|
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Number
|
|
Description
|
|
Reference
|
|
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10
|
.34#
|
|
Herbalife Ltd. 2004 Stock
Incentive Plan, effective December 1, 2004
|
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(c)
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|
10
|
.35
|
|
Termination Agreement, dated as of
December 1, 2004, between Herbalife Ltd., Herbalife
International, Inc. and Whitney & Co., LLC.
|
|
(d)
|
|
10
|
.36
|
|
Termination Agreement, dated as of
December 1, 2004, between Herbalife Ltd., Herbalife
International Inc. and GGC Administration, L.L.C.
|
|
(d)
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|
10
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.37
|
|
Termination Agreement, dated as of
December 13, 2004, by and among Herbalife Ltd.,
Whitney V, L.P., Whitney Strategic Partners V, L.P.,
CCG Investments (BVI), L.P., CCG Associates-QP, LLC, CCG
Associates-AI, LLC, CCG Investment Fund-AI, LP, CCG AV,
LLC-Series C, CCG AV, LLC-Series E and CCG CI, LLC.
|
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(d)
|
|
10
|
.38
|
|
Indemnification Agreement, dated
as of December 13, 2004, by and among Herbalife Ltd.,
Herbalife International, Inc., Whitney V, L.P., Whitney
Strategic Partners V, L.P., CCG Investments (BVI), L.P.,
CCG Associates-QP, LLC, CCG Associates-AI, LLC, CCG Investment
Fund-AI, LP, CCG AV, LLC-Series C, CCG AV,
LLC-Series E, CCG CI, LLC and GGC Administration, LLC.
|
|
(d)
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|
10
|
.39#
|
|
Amendment No. 1 to Herbalife
Ltd. 2004 Stock Incentive Plan
|
|
(e)
|
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10
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.40#
|
|
Form of Stock Bonus Award Agreement
|
|
(e)
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10
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.41#
|
|
Contract for Services of a
Consultant between Herbalife International Luxembourg
S.á.R.L. and Brian Kane dated as of October 18, 2004
|
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(f)
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10
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.42#
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|
Compromise Agreement between
Herbalife International Luxembourg S.á.R.L. and Brian Kane
dated as of October 18, 2004
|
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(f)
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10
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.43#
|
|
Employment Agreement Effective as
of January 1, 2005 between Herbalife Ltd. and Henry Burdick
|
|
(g)
|
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10
|
.44#
|
|
Form of 2004 Herbalife Ltd. 2004
Stock Incentive Plan Stock Option Agreement
|
|
(h)
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10
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.45#
|
|
Form of 2004 Herbalife Ltd. 2004
Stock Incentive Plan Non-Employee Director Stock Option Agreement
|
|
(h)
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10
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.46
|
|
Service Agreement by and between
Herbalife Europe Limited and Wynne Roberts ESQ, dated as of
September 6, 2005.
|
|
(i)
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|
10
|
.47#
|
|
Amendment to employment agreement
between Michael O. Johnson and Herbalife International, Inc. and
Herbalife International of America, Inc., dated May 15,
2005.
|
|
(j)
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|
10
|
.48#
|
|
Independent Directors Deferred
Compensation and Stock Unit Plan
|
|
(k)
|
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10
|
.49#
|
|
Independent Directors Stock Unit
Award Agreement
|
|
(k)
|
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10
|
.50#
|
|
Form of Herbalife Ltd. 2005 Stock
Incentive Plan Stock Unit Award Agreement
|
|
(l)
|
|
10
|
.51#
|
|
Form of Herbalife Ltd. 2005 Stock
Incentive Plan Stock Appreciation Right Award Agreement
|
|
(l)
|
|
10
|
.52#
|
|
Form of Herbalife Ltd. 2005 Stock
Incentive Plan Stock Unit Award Agreement applicable to
Mr. Michael O. Johnson
|
|
(m)
|
|
10
|
.53#
|
|
Form of Herbalife Ltd. 2005 Stock
Incentive Plan Stock Appreciation Right Award Agreement
applicable to Mr. Michael O. Johnson
|
|
(m)
|
|
10
|
.54#
|
|
Amendment to Herbalife Ltd.
Independent Directors Deferred Compensation and Stock Unit Plan
|
|
(n)
|
|
10
|
.55#
|
|
Form of Herbalife Ltd. 2005 Stock
Incentive Plan Stock Unit Award Agreement applicable to
Messrs. Gregory Probert, Brett R. Chapman and Richard Goudis
|
|
(o)
|
|
10
|
.56#
|
|
Form of Herbalife Ltd. 2005 Stock
Incentive Plan Stock Appreciation Right Award Agreement
applicable to Messrs. Gregory Probert, Brett R. Chapman and
Richard Goudis
|
|
(o)
|
|
10
|
.57#
|
|
Amended and restated employment
agreement effective April 17, 2006 between Herbalife
International of America, Inc. and Paul Noack
|
|
(p)
|
|
10
|
.58#
|
|
Summary of Board Committee
Compensation
|
|
(q)
|
51
|
|
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|
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|
|
Exhibit
|
|
|
|
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Number
|
|
Description
|
|
Reference
|
|
|
10
|
.59
|
|
Form of Credit Agreement, dated as
of July 21, 2006, by and among Herbalife International
Inc., Herbalife Ltd., WH Intermediate Holdings Ltd., HBL Ltd.,
WH Luxembourg Holdings S.á.R.L., Herbalife International
Luxembourg S.á.R.L., HLF Luxembourg Holdings,
S.á.R.L., WH Capital Corporationa, WH Luxembourg
Intermediate Holdings S.á.R.L., HV Holdings Ltd., Herbalife
Distribution Ltd., Herbalife Luxembourg Distribution
S.á.R.L., and the Subsidiary Guarantors party thereto in
favor of Merrill Lynch Capital Corporation, as Collateral Agent.
|
|
(r)
|
|
10
|
.60
|
|
Form of Security Agreement, dated
as of July 21, 2006, by and among Herbalife International,
Inc., Herbalife Ltd., WH Intermediate Holdings Ltd., HBL Ltd.,
WH Luxembourg Holdings S.á.R.L., Herbalife International
Lusembourg S.á.R.L., HLF Luxembourg Holdings,
S.á.R.L., WH Capital Corporation, WH Luxembourg
Intermediate Holdings S.á.R.L., HV Holdings Ltd., Herbalife
Distribution Ltd., Herbalife Luxembourg Distribution
S.á.R.L., and the Subsidiary Guarantors party thereto in
favor of Merrill Lynch Capital Corporation, as Collateral Agent.
|
|
(r)
|
|
10
|
.61#
|
|
Amended and Restated Independent
Directors Deferred Compensation and Stock Unit Plan
|
|
(r)
|
|
10
|
.62#
|
|
Employment Agreement by and
between Herbalife Ltd. and Gregory L. Probert dated
October 10, 2006
|
|
(s)
|
|
10
|
.63#
|
|
Employment Agreement by and
between Herbalife Ltd. and Brett R. Chapman dated
October 10, 2006
|
|
(s)
|
|
10
|
.64#
|
|
Stock Unit Agreement by and
between Herbalife Ltd. and Gregory L. Probert dated
October 10, 2006
|
|
(s)
|
|
10
|
.65#
|
|
Stock Unit Agreement by and
between Herbalife Ltd. and Brett R. Chapman dated
October 10, 2006
|
|
(s)
|
|
10
|
.66#
|
|
Second Amendment dated
October 10, 2006, to Stock Option Agreement by and between
Herbalife Ltd. and Gregory L. Probert dated July 31, 2003
|
|
(s)
|
|
10
|
.67#
|
|
Amendment dated October 10,
2006, to Stock Option Agreement by and between Herbalife Ltd.
and Gregory L. Probert dated September 1, 2004
|
|
(s)
|
|
10
|
.68#
|
|
Amendment dated October 10,
2006, to Stock Option Agreement by and between Herbalife Ltd.
and Gregory L. Probert dated December 1, 2004
|
|
(s)
|
|
10
|
.69#
|
|
Amendment dated October 10,
2006, to Stock Option Agreement by and between Herbalife Ltd.
and Gregory L. Probert dated April 27, 2005
|
|
(s)
|
|
10
|
.70#
|
|
Second Amendment dated
October 10, 2006, to Stock Option Agreement by and between
Herbalife Ltd. and Gregory L. Probert dated October 6, 2003
|
|
(s)
|
|
10
|
.71#
|
|
Amendment dated October 10,
2006, to Stock Option Agreement by and between Herbalife Ltd.
and Brett R. Chapman dated September 1, 2004
|
|
(s)
|
|
10
|
.72#
|
|
Amendment dated October 10,
2006, to Stock Option Agreement by and between Herbalife Ltd.
and Brett R. Chapman dated December 1, 2004
|
|
(s)
|
|
10
|
.73#
|
|
Amendment dated October 10,
2006, to Stock Option Agreement by and between Herbalife Ltd.
and Brett R. Chapman dated April 27, 2005
|
|
(s)
|
|
10
|
.74#
|
|
Employment Agreement by and
between Herbalife Ltd. and Richard P. Goudis dated
October 24, 2006
|
|
(t)
|
|
10
|
.75#
|
|
Stock Unit Agreement by and
between Herbalife Ltd. and Richard P. Goudis dated
October 24, 2006
|
|
(t)
|
|
10
|
.76#
|
|
Amendment dated October 24,
2006, to Stock Option Agreement by and between Herbalife Ltd.
and Richard P. Goudis dated June 14, 2004
|
|
(t)
|
|
10
|
.77#
|
|
Amendment dated October 24,
2006, to Stock Option Agreement by and between Herbalife Ltd.
and Richard P. Goudis dated September 1, 2004
|
|
(t)
|
|
10
|
.78#
|
|
Amendment dated October 24,
2006, to Stock Option Agreement by and between Herbalife Ltd.
and Richard P. Goudis dated December 1, 2004
|
|
(t)
|
52
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exhibit
|
|
|
|
|
Number
|
|
Description
|
|
Reference
|
|
|
10
|
.79#
|
|
Amendment dated October 24,
2006, to Stock Option Agreement by and between Herbalife Ltd.
and Richard P. Goudis dated April 27, 2005
|
|
(t)
|
|
10
|
.80#
|
|
Amendment dated March 26,
2007, to Employment Agreement by and between Herbalife Ltd. and
Michael O. Johnson dated April 3, 2003
|
|
*
|
|
31
|
.1
|
|
Rule 13a-14(a)
Certification of Chief Executive Officer
|
|
*
|
|
31
|
.2
|
|
Rule 13a-14(a)
Certification of Chief Financial Officer
|
|
*
|
|
32
|
.1
|
|
Section 1350 Certification of
Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Filed herewith. |
|
# |
|
Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement. |
|
|
|
(a) |
|
Previously filed on October 1, 2004 as an Exhibit to the
Companys registration statement on
Form S-1
(File
No. 333-119485)
and is incorporated herein by reference. |
|
(b) |
|
Previously filed on November 9, 2004 as an Exhibit to
Amendment No. 2 to the Companys registration
statement on
Form S-1
(File
No. 333-119485)
and is incorporated herein by reference. |
|
(c) |
|
Previously filed on December 2, 2004 as an Exhibit to
Amendment No. 4 to the Companys registration
statement on
Form S-1
(File
No. 333-119485)
and is incorporated herein by reference. |
|
(d) |
|
Previously filed on December 14, 2004 as an Exhibit to
Amendment No. 5 to the Companys registration
statement on
Form S-1
(File
No. 333-119485)
and is incorporated herein by reference. |
|
(e) |
|
Previously filed on February 17, 2005 as an Exhibit to the
Companys registration statement on
Form S-8
(File
No. 333-122871)
and is incorporated herein by reference. |
|
(f) |
|
Previously filed on March 14, 2005 as an Exhibit to the
Companys Annual Report on
Form 10-K
for the year ended December 31, 2004 and is incorporated
herein by reference. |
|
(g) |
|
Previously filed on May 13, 2005 as an Exhibit to the
Companys Current Report on
Form 8-K
and is incorporated herein by reference. |
|
(h) |
|
Previously filed on June 14, 2005 as an Exhibit to the
Companys Current Report on
Form 8-K
and is incorporated herein by reference. |
|
(i) |
|
Previously filed on September 23, 2005 as an Exhibit to the
Companys Current Report on
Form 8-K
and is incorporated herein by reference. |
|
(j) |
|
Previously filed on August 3, 2005 as an Exhibit to the
Companys current Report on Form 10Q for the quarter
ended June 30, 2005 and is incorporated herein by reference. |
|
(k) |
|
Previously filed on February 28, 2006 as an Exhibit to the
Companys Annual Report on
Form 10-K
for the year ended December 31, 2005 and is incorporated
herein by reference. |
|
(l) |
|
Previously filed on March 29, 2006 as an Exhibit to the
Companys Current Report on
Form 8-K
and is incorporated herein by reference. |
|
(m) |
|
Previously filed on March 29, 2006 as an Exhibit to the
Companys Current Report on
Form 8-K
and is incorporated herein by reference. |
|
(n) |
|
Previously filed on March 30, 2006 as an Exhibit to the
Companys Current Report on
Form 8-K
and is incorporated herein by reference. |
|
(o) |
|
Previously filed on March 31, 2006 as an Exhibit to the
Companys Current Report on
Form 8-K
and is incorporated herein by reference. |
|
(p) |
|
Previously filed on May 3, 2006 as an Exhibit to the
Companys Quarterly Report on
Form 10-Q
for the quarter ended March 31, 2006 and is incorporated
herein by reference. |
|
(q) |
|
Previously filed on May 5, 2006 as an Exhibit to the
Companys Current Report on
Form 8-K
and is incorporated herein by reference. |
|
(r) |
|
Previously filed on November 13, 2006 as an Exhibit to the
Companys Quarterly Report on
Form 10-Q
for the quarter ended September 30, 2006 and is
incorporated by reference. |
53
|
|
|
(s) |
|
Previously filed on October 12, 2006 as an Exhibit to the
Companys Current Report on
Form 8-K
and is incorporated herein by reference. |
|
(t) |
|
Previously filed on October 26, 2006 as an Exhibit to the
Companys Current Report on
Form 8-K
and is incorporated herein by reference. |
54
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on
its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
HERBALIFE LTD.
Richard Goudis
Chief Financial Officer
Dated: May 1, 2007
55