I,
        David
        E. Shaw, hereby make, constitute, and appoint each of:
      
      Anne
        Dinning,
      
      Rochelle
        Elias,
      
      Julius
        Gaudio,
      
      John
        Liftin,
      
      Louis
        Salkind,
      
      Stuart
        Steckler,
      
      Maximilian
        Stone, and
      
      Eric
        Wepsic, 
      
      acting
        individually, as my agent and attorney-in-fact, with full power of substitution,
        for the purpose of, from time to time, executing in my name and/or my capacity
        as President of D. E. Shaw & Co., Inc. (acting for itself or as
        the general partner of D. E. Shaw & Co., L. P. and general
        partner, managing member, or manager of other entities, any of which in turn
        may
        be acting for itself or other entities) all documents, certificates,
        instruments, statements, other filings, and amendments to the foregoing
        (collectively, “documents”) determined by such person to be necessary or
        appropriate to comply with ownership or control-person reporting requirements
        imposed by any United States or non-United States governmental or regulatory
        authority, including without limitation Forms 3, 4, 5, and 13F and Schedules
        13D
        and 13G required to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission;
        and
        delivering, furnishing, or filing any such documents to or with the appropriate
        governmental or regulatory authority. Any such determination shall be
        conclusively evidenced by such person’s execution, delivery, furnishing, and/or
        filing of the applicable document.
      
      This
        power of attorney shall be valid from the date hereof and replaces the power
        granted on February 24, 2004, which is hereby cancelled.
      
      IN
        WITNESS HEREOF, I have executed this instrument as of the date set forth
        below.
      
      Date:
        October 24, 2007
      
      DAVID
        E.
        SHAW, as President of 
      D.
        E.
        Shaw & Co., Inc. 
      /s/
        David
        E. Shaw
      New
        York,
        New York