acting
          individually, as my agent and attorney-in-fact, with full power of substitution,
          for the purpose of, from time to time, executing in my name and/or my capacity
          as President of D. E. Shaw & Co., Inc. (acting for itself or as
          the general partner of D. E. Shaw & Co., L.P. and general partner or
          managing member of other entities, any which in turn may be acting for
          itself or
          other entities) all documents, certificates, instruments, statement, other
          filings, and amendments to the forgoing (collectively, “documents”) determined
          by such person to be necessary or appropriate to comply with ownership
          or
          control-person reporting requirements imposed by any United States or non-United
          States governmental or regulatory authority, including without limitation
          Forms
          3, 4, 5, 13D, 13F, and 13G required to be filed with the Securities and
          Exchange
          Commission; and delivering, furnishing or filing any such documents with
          the
          appropriate governmental or regulatory authority. Any such determination
          shall
          be conclusively evidenced by such person’s execution, delivery, furnishing,
          and/or filing of the applicable document.
        
        This
          power of attorney shall be valid from the date hereof and replaces the
          power
          granted on February 5, 2001, which is hereby cancelled.
        
        IN
          WITNESS HEREOF, I have executed this instrument as of the date set forth
          below.
        
        Date:
          February 24, 2004
        
        DAVID
          E.
          SHAW, as President of 
        D.
          E.
          Shaw & Co., Inc. 
        /s/
          David
          E. Shaw
        New
          York,
          New York